Cancer immunotherapy 12 pictures of dry goods

Original: Manhua At Christmas, our Yi Shi readers (MU) are not allowed to receive gifts We present 12 pictures of dry goods related to cancer immunotherapy Fig 1 illustrates the antitumor function and regulatory mechanism of δ T cells δ T cells recognize tumor cells directly through T cell receptor (TCR) and natural killer cell receptor (NKRs), and regulate tumor cell killing through various mechanisms (including antibody dependent cytotoxicity and IFN γ production) The anti-tumor characteristics of δ T cells are mainly enhanced by IL-15, IL-2, IL-18 and IL-21 However, epigenetic drugs or molecular factors in tumor microenvironment can damage the killing ability of δ T cells Figure 2 summarizes the various immunotherapeutic approaches currently being tested for childhood cancer Most children's tumors are considered as "cold tumors" (upper right), and cell therapy including car-t cell therapy (lower right) is being explored as a potential choice for immunotherapy of children's cancer The figure on the left depicts "hot tumor" and the mechanism by which immunocheckpoint inhibitors enhance the antitumor activity of T cells at tumor sites Figure 3 shows the active metabolic pathways in the tumor microenvironment and their effects on tumor immunity Tumor cells will form a tumor microenvironment which is deficient in glucose but rich in lactic acid This microenvironment will damage T cell function and antitumor immune response The competition of amino acids between T cells and tumor cells can also inhibit antitumor immunity In tumor microenvironment, the competition of tumor cells will also affect the availability of fatty acids in T cells Other metabolites (adenosine, prostaglandin E2) produced by tumor cells and other immunomodulatory cells are also involved in the inhibition of T-cell-mediated antitumor response According to the existence and distribution of T cells, tumors can be divided into four main subtypes: hot, altered excluded, altered immunosuppressed and cold Figure 4 provides an overview of the main components, pathways and characteristics (green) of the identified immunogram, as well as potential targets (blue) that may represent the most successful treatment development The lowercase "I" refers to the inhibitor and the lowercase "a" refers to the agonist Figure 5 provides an overview of different immunotherapy models currently under development for the treatment of glioblastoma, including vaccine therapy based on dendritic cell (DC) - mediated glioblastoma associated antigen presentation, immunocheckpoint blocking antibody drugs, car-t cell therapy targeting tumor associated antigen, selective replication of virus in tumor cells and induction of anti-tumor immunity Oncolytic virus therapy Figure 6 shows the various resources of molecular information (gene expression profile, DNA methylation profile or immunohistochemistry) and computational tools that can be used to investigate tumor immunophenotyping Figure 7 illustrates the potential of combination therapy in preventing resistance to anti-cancer immunotherapy Potential synergistic mechanisms include the activation of incoming immune cells and the activation of T cells (a), the alleviation of immunosuppression induced by tumor microenvironment (b), and the support of the effector function of immune cells in tumor microenvironment (c) Figure 8 represents the ligand receptor interaction between T cells and antigen presenting or tumor cells in bladder cancer This ligand receptor interaction regulates T cell response to antigens and represents a potential immunotherapy target for enhancing T cell response and promoting immune system mediated cancer cell killing Some biomaterials and methods are being explored to achieve local delivery of cancer immunotherapy On the left side of Figure 9, mesoporous silica rods spontaneously assemble and recruit host cells in vivo; in the middle of Figure 9, the microneedle based transdermal drug delivery technology platform is loaded with self-assembled immunotherapy nano carriers; on the right side of Figure 9, a subcutaneous delivery porous biomaterial scaffold is shown, which can release a chemical attractant to recruit naive dendritic cells (DCS) into its pores, thereby It results in an increase in the presentation of peptides on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) - peptide complex Figure 10 depicts the barriers (light blue) that limit the clinical benefits of oncolytic viruses In order to optimize the therapeutic response, bioengineering, molecular and immunological methods (dark blue) should be adopted to achieve the following goals: 1) to avoid the neutralization of virus vectors by antibodies; 2) to improve the absorption of oncolytic viruses by avoiding the "seizure" of oncolytic viruses by cell types other than tumor cells; 3) to increase the spread of oncolytic viruses by regulating ECM; 4) to enrich The response of T cells to tumor antigens Figure 11 (a) describes the process of new antigen originated from the mutant protein expressed by cancer cells and displayed on the surface of antigen presenting cells to be recognized by T cell receptor (TCRs) of CD8 + T cells; Figure 11 (b) shows the calculation route of predicting candidate new antigens based on next generation sequencing data Figure 12 provides an overview of car-t cell therapy Car-t cell therapy is to isolate T cells from patients' peripheral blood, and then insert the gene encoding car into T cell genome by virus or non virus vector After that, car-t cells were expanded in vitro and then infused back into the patient Car expressed on the surface of car-t cells will recognize an antigen expressed on the surface of tumor cells, and then activate car-t cells to play a role in killing tumor cells The above 12 pictures are from the cancer immunotherapy 2020 calendar published by nature reviews clinical oncology In the calendar, the editors of nature also marked the anniversary and important meetings related to cancer in 2020, as follows: ——4 February, World Cancer Day ——15 February, international child cancer day ——April 7, World Health Day ——April 24-29, AACR annual meeting ——April 29, world immunology day ——May 8, world ovarian cancer day ——May 28, world blood cancer day ——29 May - 2 June, ASCO annual meeting ——June 8, world brain tumor day ——September 14-17, international cancer lmmunotherapy Conference ——18-22 September, ESMO annual meeting ——November 10-14, annual meeting of cancer immunotherapy Society (SITC) ——November 21, world pancreatic cancer day Background reply immunotherapy can download the full calendar Finally, I wish all readers a happy holiday and everything goes well in 2020.