Cell Host & Microbe: Intestinal-microbe-immune-brain axis dysplasia in premature newborns with brain injury 

The incidence of preterm birth has been rising worldwide and is one of the main causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality
.

Although recent advances in neonatal intensive care have increased the survival rate of extremely premature infants (gestational age <28 weeks), the number of these children with severe diseases and lifelong neurodevelopmental disorders is still high

The third month of pregnancy is a critical period for the establishment, perfection and maturity of human brain connections , which determines the subsequent cognitive potential
.

Extremely premature babies are born at the edge of the third month, so their neural circuits are established under the co-stimulation of a variety of environmental cues and extra-uterine life

The third month of pregnancy is a critical period for the establishment, perfection and maturity of human brain connections.

An inevitable environmental clue is that the body is colonized by microorganisms immediately after birth, and the gut microbiota will come into contact with multiple neurons of the enteric nervous system
.

More and more evidence shows that in the early stages of life, gut microbes are involved in the two-way signal transmission between the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the brain

Gut microbes are involved in the two-way signal transmission between the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the brain.

Infect

The balanced relationship between the developing immune system and the gut microbiota is essential to prevent excessive inflammation
.

However, despite the daily use of probiotics in many neonatal intensive care units (NICU), the establishment of the relationship between the gut microbiota and its host appears to be compromised in extremely premature babies

The balanced relationship between the developing immune system and the gut microbiota is essential to prevent excessive inflammation The balanced relationship between the developing immune system and the gut microbiota is essential to prevent excessive inflammation

At present, people still lack detailed understanding of the gut-microbiota-immune-brain axis of premature newborns
.

Premature newborns with brain damage show abnormal development of the gut-microbe-immune-brain axis

Premature newborns with brain injury exhibit developmental abnormalities in the gut-microbe-immune-brain axis

Recently, researchers analyzed the development of the gut microbiota, immunology, and neurophysiology of 60 extremely preterm infants who received standard hospital care including antibiotics and probiotics
.

Researchers found that in infants with severe brain damage, the maturation of cortical electrical activity is inhibited

The researchers analyzed 60 Ming very preterm infants intestinal microflora, immunology and neurophysiological development of researchers analyzed 60 Ming very preterm infants intestinal microflora, immunology and neurophysiological development of antibiotics in infants with severe brain damage in mature cortical electrical activity is suppressed in infants with severe brain injury, of mature cortical electrical activity is suppressed γδT cells and increased levels of T cell secreted vascular increased endothelial growth factor γδT cells and increased level of T Increased vascular endothelial growth factor secreted by cells decreased vascular neuroprotective factor secretion decreased neuroprotective factor secretion

It is worth noting that the excessive growth of Klebsiella in the intestine has a strong predictive effect on brain damage and is related to the immunological tone of pro-inflammatory

The overgrowth of Klebsiella in the intestine has a strong predictive effect on brain damage.

 

Original source:

Original source:

David Seki et al.

David Seki et al.

 

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