Cell: Revealing the molecular mechanisms that target the antiviral immune response of tumors in triple-negative breast cancer is expected to lead to the development of new individualized cancer therapies

January 18, 2021 // -- In a recent study published in the international journal Cell, scientists from baylor School of Medicine and other institutions in the United States revealed therapeutically targeted RNA shearing or the ability to activate antiviral immune paths in tri-negative breast cancer. Tumor cells die and signal the body's immune response; the researchers point out that faulty scissors of RNA in tumors milyte RNA viruses, allowing tumor cells to self-destruct as if they were fighting infection; a mechanism that could help open up new ways to activate immune system function in malignant cancers such as triple-negative breast cancer.
researcher Trey Westbrook said: 'We all know that treatments that partially interfere with RNA shearing may have a significant impact on tumor growth and progression, but the mechanisms behind the tumor's lethal effects are not yet clear to researchers; Inclusions, which usually lose regulation in tumors, cause tumor growth and promote tumors to become highly sensitive to sputum targeted therapy (STTs, spliceosome-targeted therapies), one of the most sensitive malignant cancers to STTs.
Photo Source: Nephron/Wikipedia For the study, researchers wanted to study the molecular mechanisms by which these drugs interfere with tumor progression, and they found in triple-negative breast cancer cells that STTs can interfere with RNA slicing and promote the wrong stitching of endogenes in tumor cell cytones The inclusion of sub-RNA accumulates, and many of these abnormal RNAs form a double-stranded structure, as if it were an RNA virus; antiviral immune pathps recognize double-stranded RNA, which then induces apoptosis and sends signals to the body's immune system to induce inflammatory reactions.
'Our study reveals a new way to activate the body's inflammatory response by specifically targeting cancer cells,' said Dr. Elizabeth Bowling, who said: 'When we consider the activity of cancer therapies, we need to delve deeper into how these treatments affect cancer cells and the effects on the host immune system.'
Now researchers have a clear understanding of how high levels of false shearing can cause cellular stress in breast cancer cells, and they speculate that RNA shear stress may be present in many cancer types and disease states. the
study, which is expected to help researchers find new biomarkers to screen patients who can respond to current immunomodulation therapies, in particular, suggests that endogenesome missharding of RNA in tumor cells may stimulate the body's immune system, even in the absence of STT therapy, and that the data reveal a link between mis stitched RNA and immune characteristics, even in immune "cold tumors."
the researchers speculate that this endologically misshared RNA may be used as a clinical biomarker to find out which cancer becomes sensitive to immunotherapy, and later they need to do more in-depth research to determine whether the activation of the anti-tumor immune path line STTs will make more cancer patients suitable for immunotherapy.
Finally, researchers say that because immunotherapy still works in a small percentage of cancer patients because of its far-reaching therapeutic effects on certain cancer patients, researchers must learn how to expand the range of patients who can benefit from immunotherapy, and the findings reveal new mechanisms for dialogue between cancer and the immune system that could help develop new strategies to benefit more cancer patients.
original source: Elizabeth A. Bowling, Jarey H. Wang Fade, Gong, et al. Spliceosome-targeted therapies trigger an antiviral immune response in triple-negative breast cancer, Cell (2021). DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.031