【Chinese Achievements】Professor Shen Lin from Beijing Cancer Hospital leads the International Research on Esophageal Cancer Weekly Report on Tumor Treatment

In this special issue of "The Latest Clinical Oncology Literature Selection", we have compiled the latest research results on acute myeloid leukemia, esophageal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and ovarian cancer published in well-known journals for our readers
.

NEJM: Results from the AGILE trial confirm significant improvement in ivonib plus azacitidine compared with placebo plus azacitidine in patients with newly diagnosed IDH1-mutant acute myeloid leukemia who are ineligible for induction chemotherapy Event-free survival, remission and overall survival
.

BMJ: The ORIENT-15 study led by Professor Shen Lin from Beijing Cancer Hospital showed that sintilimab combined with chemotherapy significantly improved overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
.

Lancet: The JCOG0802/WJOG4607L trial results confirmed that segmentectomy was superior to lobectomy in overall survival in early-stage peripheral non-small cell lung cancer, with similar pulmonary function outcomes after 1 year in both groups
.

Segmentectomy is the standard procedure for this type of lung cancer
.

J Clin Oncol: Results of the TEAM-IIB study show that adjuvant endocrine therapy combined with ibandronate does not improve disease-free survival in postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer
.

Results of SWOG-1216 showed that androgen deprivation therapy combined with bicalutamide improved progression-free survival and PSA remission, but failed to improve overall survival and progression-free survival compared with androgen deprivation therapy combined with bicalutamide and PSA remission and lack of correlation between overall survival
.

A phase 1b trial showed that nasecizumab combined with paclitaxel has good clinical efficacy and manageable safety in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer
.

01Ivorib combined with azacitidine significantly improves the prognosis of IDH1-mutant acute myeloid leukemia Acute myeloid leukemia is a heterogeneous myeloid cancer that mainly affects the elderly, and the outcomes of acute myeloid leukemia patients who are not suitable for chemotherapy are worse poor
.

6% to 10% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia carry somatic mutations in the IDH1 gene
.

Studies suggest that IDH1-mutant acute myeloid leukemia is associated with older age and poorer prognosis, especially in the context of normal karyotype
.

Ivornib is an oral, potent, targeted small molecule inhibitor of mutant IDH1 that has demonstrated clinical activity when administered alone in studies conducted in patients with hematological malignancies and solid tumors
.

On April 21, 2022, the NEJM published the results of the AGILE trial [1], confirming that, in patients with newly diagnosed IDH1-mutant acute myeloid leukemia who were not eligible for induction chemotherapy, evoked compared with placebo + azacitidine.
Nib + azacitidine significantly improved event-free survival, remission, and overall survival (OS)
.


This is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial of newly diagnosed IDH1-mutant acute myeloid leukemia patients who are not eligible for intensive induction chemotherapy, and compared placebo + azacitidine to ivonib + The efficacy and safety of azacitidine were compared
.

The primary endpoint was event-free survival, and secondary endpoints included complete remission and OS
.

A total of 146 patients were randomized: 72 in the ivonib + azacitidine group and 74 in the placebo + azacitidine group
.

The median follow-up period was 12.
4 months
.

Event-free survival was significantly longer in the ivonib+azacitidine group compared with the placebo+azacitidine group (hazard ratio for treatment failure, relapse after remission, or death, 0.
33; 95% CI, 0.
16 ~0.
69; P=0.
002)
.

Median event-free survival was the same in both groups (0.
03 months [95% CI, 0.
03 to 11.
01] in the evonib+azacitidine group), as more than half of the patients in each group had not had a complete response by week 24.
and placebo + azacitidine group 0.
03 months [95% CI, not estimable])
.

The estimated probability of patients remaining event-free at 6 months and 12 months was 40% and 37% in the ivonib+azacitidine group, respectively, and 6% in the placebo+azacitidine group.
The probabilities at month and 12 months were 20% and 12%, respectively
.

The percentage of patients with complete remission by 24 weeks was 38% and 11% in the ivonib + azacitidine group and the placebo + azacitidine group, respectively; Patients with complete remission at 24 weeks also had longer event-free survival
.

Median OS was 24.
0 months (95% CI, 11.
3 to 34.
1) in the ivonib+azacitidine group and 7.
9 months (95% CI, 4.
1 to 11.
3) in the placebo+azacitidine group, respectively.
(hazard ratio for death, 0.
44; 95% CI, 0.
27 to 0.
73; P=0.
001)
.

Figure 2.
Event-Free Survival and Overall Survival in the Intent-to-Treat Population.
Adverse events of grade 3 or higher occurred in 93% of the ivonib+azacitidine group and 95% of the placebo+azacitidine group.

.

Grade 3 or higher adverse events that occurred in >15% of patients in both groups included febrile neutropenia (28% in the evonib+azacitidine group and 34% in the placebo+azacitidine group).
), anemia (25% and 26%, respectively), neutropenia (27% and 16%), thrombocytopenia (24% and 21%), and pneumonia (23% and 29%)
.

The percentages of patients who developed any grade of infection were 28% and 49% in the ivonib+azacitidine group and the placebo+azacitidine group, respectively
.

This trial demonstrated that ivonib plus azacitidine significantly improved event-free compared with placebo plus azacitidine in patients with newly diagnosed IDH1-mutant acute myeloid leukemia who were ineligible for induction chemotherapy Survival, remission and OS
.

This clinical benefit was supported by favorable health-related quality of life, the incidence of transfusion independence, and the expected profile of adverse events associated with acute leukemia treatment
.

02 Sintilimab combined with chemotherapy for first-line treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma can improve overall survival.
Currently, the first-line treatment for patients with advanced metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is mainly platinum-containing doublet chemotherapy, but the first-line treatment for locally advanced/recurrent/metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Median OS with platinum-doublet chemotherapy was less than 12 months
.

Sintilimab is a recombinant human IgG4 anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody.
Preliminary studies have shown that multiple cancer types have shown anti-tumor activity.
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy as first-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is also very promising
.

On April 19, 2022, BMJ published online the results of the ORIENT-15 study led by Professor Shen Lin from Peking University Cancer Hospital [2], which showed that sintilimab combined with chemotherapy significantly improved OS and non-metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in patients with advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Progression survival (PFS)
.

The ORIENT-15 study is an international multicenter, randomized, double-blind phase 3 trial
.

A total of 659 patients with locally advanced or recurrent and metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were included and randomly assigned 1:1 to sintilimab combined with chemotherapy (n=327) or placebo combined with chemotherapy (n=332) (chemotherapy regimens determined by The researchers chose cisplatin in combination with paclitaxel or cisplatin in combination with fluorouracil)
.

The primary endpoint is OS in the whole population and in the population with PD-L1 composite positive score (CPS) ≥ 10.
Secondary endpoints include PFS, objective response rate (ORR) and safety
.

The median follow-up for overall survival was 16.
0 months
.

Compared with placebo plus chemotherapy, sintilimab plus chemotherapy showed better median OS in all patients (16.
7 vs.
12.
5 months; HR, 0.
63; 95% CI, 0.
51-0.
78; P<0.
001), in Similar results were observed in patients with CPS ≥10 (17.
2 vs.
13.
6 months; HR, 0.
64; 95% CI, 0.
48-0.
85; P=0.
002)
.

Sintilimab plus chemotherapy significantly improved PFS in all patients (7.
2 vs.
5.
7 months; HR, 0.
56; 95% CI, 0.
46-0.
68; P<0.
001), with similar results observed in patients with CPS ≥10 (8.
3 vs.
6.
4 months; HR, 0.
58; 0.
45-0.
75; P<0.
001)
.

In the full population, the ORR was 66.
1% in the sintilimab plus chemotherapy group and 45% in the placebo plus chemotherapy group
.

In terms of safety, 98% of the sintilimab plus chemotherapy group reported any grade of treatment-related adverse events, and 98% of the placebo plus chemotherapy group reported any grade of treatment-related adverse events
.

Adverse events of grade 3 or higher occurred in 60% (196/327) and 55% (181/332) of the sintilimab plus chemotherapy group and the placebo plus chemotherapy group, respectively
.

The ORIENT-15 study showed that sintilimab combined with chemotherapy significantly improved OS and PFS in patients, and similar results were observed in the entire patient population and in patients with PD-L1 CPS ≥ 10, while the safety was manageable
.

The chemotherapy regimens in this study covered two commonly used first-line chemotherapy regimens for advanced esophageal cancer in the world.
Sintilimab combined with different chemotherapy regimens showed antitumor activity, suggesting that sintilimab has universal compatibility with different chemotherapy regimens.
sex
.

03Segmentectomy can become the standard surgical procedure for peripheral early-stage non-small cell lung cancer For patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who are eligible for surgery, lobectomy has always been regarded as the best surgical strategy
.

The only randomized clinical trial to date comparing lobectomy with sublobar resection, LCSG821, found higher recurrence-free survival after lobectomy
.

But the LCSG821 trial was launched in 1995, when patients rarely underwent CT, did not provide data on lung function, and determined tumor recurrence based on X-rays
.

In addition, the survival analysis of this trial was underpowered
.

On April 23, 2022, the Lancet published the results of the JCOG0802/WJOG4607L trial online [3], which confirmed that in early-stage peripheral NSCLC, the OS of segmentectomy was better than lobectomy, and the pulmonary function results after 1 year were similar between the two groups
.

This is an open-label randomized controlled phase 3 trial involving 1106 patients with peripheral NSCLC with clinical stage IA (tumor volume ≤2 cm, consolidation-to-tumor ratio >0·5)
.

The enrolled patients were randomized to undergo lobectomy (n=552) and segmentectomy (n=554)
.

Both groups required dissection of hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes
.

Patients with postoperative pathological stage IB, II or IIIA received adjuvant chemotherapy
.

The primary endpoint was OS, and secondary endpoints included postoperative lung function and recurrence-free survival
.

With a median follow-up of 7.
3 years, the 5-year survival rates of lobectomy and segmentectomy were 91.
1% (88.
4-93.
2) and 94.
3% (92.
1-96.
0), respectively (HR, 0.
663; 95% CI, 0.
474-0.
927; no One-sided P<0.
0001 for inferiority, P=0.
0082 for superiority)
.

The 5-year recurrence-free survival rates in the two groups were 87.
9% (95% CI, 84.
8-90.
3) and 88.
0% (95% CI, 85.
0-90.
4), respectively (HR, 0.
998; 95% CI, 0.
753-1.
323)
.

In the segmentectomy group, the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) decreased by a median of 10.
4% (4.
7-16.
6) at 6 months and 8.
5% (3.
5-14.
8) at 12 months; in the lobectomy group , the median reduction in FEV1 at 6 months and 12 months was 13.
1% (7.
0-20.
5) and 12.
0% (5.
6-18.
8), respectively
.

The difference in median reduction in FEV1 at 6 months and 12 months between the two groups was 2.
7% and 3.
5%, respectively, which did not reach the prespecified 10% clinical significance
.

Although lung cancer is a highly malignant tumor, the 5-year overall survival rate of lobectomy or segmentectomy can reach more than 90% for patients with stage IA, small peripheral NSCLC
.

The differences in survival and cause of death were not related to primary NSCLC, but were due to second primary cancer or other causes, including respiratory disease or cerebrovascular disease
.

The results of this study suggest that segmentectomy can be used as a standard surgical strategy for patients with peripheral NSCLC with clinical stage IA and tumor volume ≤2 cm (solid tumor ratio >0.
5)
.

04Adjuvant endocrine therapy combined with bisphosphonates does not improve disease-free survival in patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.
Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer is more prone to bone metastasis, and bisphosphonates can reduce osteoclast-mediated Bone resorption
.

Meta-analyses have shown reductions in breast cancer recurrence and mortality in subgroups of breast cancers receiving adjuvant bisphosphonates, but no studies have examined the effect of bisphosphonates on survival in postmenopausal women with breast cancer
.

On April 20, 2022, J Clin Oncol published the results of the TEAM-IIB study online [4], showing that ER+ postmenopausal breast cancer patients received adjuvant endocrine therapy combined with ibandronate treatment, and the disease-free survival did not improve
.

TEAM-IIB is a multicenter, open-label, randomized phase 3 trial that enrolled 1116 patients and randomly assigned 1:1 to endocrine plus ibandronate sodium therapy (n=565) or endocrine therapy alone (n=551)
.

All patients were followed up for at least 10 years after randomization
.

Bisphosphonates must be discontinued immediately in patients diagnosed with osteonecrosis of the jaw during follow-up
.

The primary endpoint was 3-year disease-free survival (DFS)
.

Secondary endpoints included 5-year DFS, OS,
etc.

At a median follow-up of 8.
5 years, there was no significant difference in DFS between the ibandronate and control groups (HR, 0.
97; 95% CI, 0.
76-1.
24; P=0.
811)
.

Three years after randomization, DFS was 94% in the ibandronate group and 91% in the control group
.

Five years after randomization, the rates were 89% and 86%, respectively
.

Eight years after randomization, both groups were 79%
.

Eight years after randomization, the cumulative incidence of bone metastases in the two groups was 7% (95% CI, 5-10) and 8% (6-11), respectively
.

The risk of bone metastases was not significantly reduced in the ibandronate group (HR, 0.
83; 95% CI, 0.
55-1.
25)
.

In the ibandronate group, 17% of patients discontinued ibandronate early due to adverse events
.

There were significantly more patients with gastrointestinal problems in the ibandronate group than in the control group (16% vs 10%, respectively; P=0.
003)
.

The number of patients with osteonecrosis also increased significantly in the ibandronate group compared with the control group (12 and 1, respectively; P=0.
002)
.

Currently, the TEAM-IIB study is the world's largest randomized controlled trial of endocrine combined with ibandronate in adjuvant postmenopausal breast cancer patients with ER+
.

The results showed that adjuvant endocrine therapy combined with ibandronate did not improve DFS, and it is not recommended as a standard treatment
.

Although ibandronate had good short-term effects on DFS and bone recurrence and metastasis, it did not show patient benefit in long-term follow-up
.

In the future, the types, doses, regimens and cycles of bisphosphonates, and which postmenopausal patients should choose bisphosphonates for treatment, still need to continue to be explored
.

05 Ordolone combined with androgen deprivation therapy fails to improve overall survival in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer The cornerstone of treatment for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) combined with medical or surgical castration
.

Orterone (TAK-700) is a non-steroidal 17,20-lyase inhibitor that inhibits androgen synthesis.
Compared with abiraterone, aldolone is more potent and does not cause secondary mineralocorticoids Hormone excess syndrome
.

On April 21, 2022, J Clin Oncol published the results of the SWOG-1216 study online [5], which showed that compared with ADT combined with bicalutamide, ADT combined with altrona could improve PFS and PSA remission, but failed to improve OS, Lack of correlation between PFS and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) remission and OS
.

The SWOG-1216 study is a multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase 3 trial that enrolled 1279 patients with mHSPC who were randomly assigned 1:1 to ADT plus aldol (n=638) or ADT plus bicalut Amine group (n=641)
.

The primary endpoint was OS, with a target of a 33% improvement in median OS, which was statistically significant by a one-sided P≤0.
022 stratified log-rank test
.

Secondary endpoints were PFS, PSA levels at 7 months, and adverse events
.

At a median follow-up of 4.
9 years, median PFS was significantly improved in the ALTRON group compared with the control group (47.
6 vs.
23.
0 months; HR, 0.
58; 95% CI, 0.
51-0.
67; P<0.
001); ALTRON group The 7-month PSA remission rate (complete remission 58%; partial remission 22%; no remission 19%) was also better than the control group (complete remission 44%; partial remission 31%; no remission 25%; P<0.
0001)
.

However, the median OS was 81.
1 months in the Altron group and 70.
2 months in the control group
.

The 5-year OS rate was 59.
7% in the Altron group and 57.
9% in the control group (HR for death, 0.
86; 95% CI, 0.
72-1.
02; one-sided P=0.
040)
.

No statistically significant improvement in OS was observed in the aldolone group compared to the control group
.

Regarding safety, a higher proportion of grade 3 or 4 adverse events (43% vs.
14%), including hypertension (20% vs.
group) and fatigue (5% vs.
2%)
.

Grade 5 adverse events, including two myocardial infarctions, occurred in 5 patients in the aldolone group and 1 patient in the control group, and 1 in the aldolone group experienced stroke
.

Results of the SWOG-1216 study showed that compared with bicalutamide and ADT, aldolone combined with ADT did not improve overall survival in patients with mHSPC, and there was a lack of correlation between PFS and PSA remission and OS
.

In addition, patients in the control group in the SWOG-1216 trial had a median OS that was 24 months longer than mHSPCs with similar disease severity and receiving ADT plus bicalutamide in the SWOG-9346 study reported in 2013 (70.
2 vs.
46 months)
.

The better-than-expected OS in the control group reflects the treatment progress of metastatic prostate cancer patients in the past decade and may be one of the reasons why this study did not meet the primary endpoint
.

06Nasecizumab combined with paclitaxel in the treatment of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patients with high remission rate advanced epithelial ovarian cancer are prone to platinum resistance after initial platinum-containing chemotherapy, and platinum resistance predicts poor prognosis
.

Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth through different mechanisms may lead to longer-lasting anti-angiogenic efficacy and improved patient survival
.

Navicixizumab is a bispecific antibody designed to target DLL4 and VEGF, thereby inducing an antitumor response, while also having an antiangiogenic effect
.

In the previous phase Ia trial, nasecizumab treatment can achieve a high disease control rate (64%), while the safety is controllable
.

On April 19, 2022, J Clin Oncol published online the results of a phase Ib trial of nasecizumab combined with paclitaxel in the treatment of platinum-resistant ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer [6], showing that nasecizumab Monoclonal antibody combined with paclitaxel has good clinical efficacy and controllable safety in the treatment of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patients
.

This is an open-label, nonrandomized, dose-escalation Phase Ib trial
.

During the dose-escalation phase, 3 patients received intravenous nasecizumab followed by paclitaxel on specific days
.

If no dose-limiting toxicity occurred within 28 days, 3 additional patients were enrolled into the second dose-level cohort
.

If dose-limiting toxicity occurs in 1 of 6 patients, this dose level will be extended to continue exploration
.

Treatment was continued until confirmed complete response, disease progression, intolerance, study termination, or study withdrawal
.

The primary endpoint is the maximum tolerated dose of nasecizumab, and secondary endpoints include safety, immunogenicity, ORR, PFS,
etc.

Forty-four patients were included in this study, of whom 43 (97.
7%) had previously received paclitaxel, 30 (68.
2%) had received bevacizumab, and 20 (45.
5%) had received PARP inhibitor therapy
.

The 4 mg/kg cohort was discontinued because an ongoing phase Ia trial showed that the 3 mg/kg dose was most effective and higher doses would result in more adverse events
.

Thirty-nine patients were enrolled in the expansion cohort and were treated at a dose of 3 mg/kg
.

Overall ORR for patients was 43.
2% (95% CI, 28.
3-59.
0); 33.
3% (95% CI, 17.
3-59.
0) for patients who had previously received bevacizumab and who had not previously received bevacizumab were 64.
3% (95% CI, 35.
1-87.
2) of patients with positive biomarkers, and 62% (95% CI, 31.
6-86.
1) of patients with positive biomarkers
.

The median duration of response was 6 months (95% CI, 5.
4 months ~ not estimable)
.

Tumors with an angiogenic or immunosuppressed TME subtype (biomarker-positive) were more likely to respond to nasecizumab than the immunocompetent/desertified TME subtype (biomarker-negative)
.

Regarding safety, the most common grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events were hypertension (40.
9%), neutropenia (6.
8%) and thrombocytopenia (4.
5%)
.

The incidence of pulmonary hypertension was 18.
2% (grade 1-2)
.

No grade 5 treatment-related adverse events occurred
.

This study shows that nasecizumab combined with paclitaxel has good clinical efficacy and controllable safety in the treatment of platinum-resistant patients.
Follow-up randomized controlled trials are needed to compare the efficacy of nasecizumab alone or in combination with paclitaxel.
efficacy, and to determine whether biomarkers can predict patients who are likely to benefit from nasecizumab treatment
.

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Ivosidenib and azacitidine in IDH1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia.
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Sintilimab versus placebo in combination with chemotherapy as first line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ORIENT-15): multicentre, randomised, double blind, phase 3 trial.
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Segmentectomy versus lobectomy in small-sized peripheral non-small-cell lung cancer (JCOG0802/WJOG4607L): a multicentre, open-label, phase 3, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial .
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DOI:10.
1200/JCO.
21.
01801 (Epub ahead of print).
Copyright information This article was translated, written or commissioned by "NEJM Frontiers in Medicine" jointly created by Jiahui Medical Research and Education Group (J-Med) and "New England Journal of Medicine" (NEJM)randomized phase III TEAM-IIB trial.
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1200/JCO.
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Fu S, Corr BR, Culm- Merdek K, et al.
Phase Ib study of navicixizumab plus paclitaxel in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer.
J Clin Oncol 2022 Apr 19.
DOI:10.
1200/JCO.
21.
01801 (Epub ahead of print).
Copyright information This article was translated, written or commissioned by "NEJM Frontiers in Medicine" jointly created by Jiahui Medical Research and Education Group (J-Med) and "New England Journal of Medicine" (NEJM)A multicenter, randomized, open-label phase III trial (SWOG-1216).
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Phase Ib study of navicixizumab plus paclitaxel in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer.
J Clin Oncol 2022 Apr 19.
DOI:10.
1200/JCO.
21.
01801 (Epub ahead of print).
Copyright information This article was translated, edited or commissioned by the NEJM Frontiers in Medicine, a collaboration between J-Med and The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM).
A multicenter, randomized, open-label phase III trial (SWOG-1216).
J Clin Oncol 2022 Apr 21.
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1200/JCO.
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Fu S, Corr BR, Culm-Merdek K , et al.
Phase Ib study of navicixizumab plus paclitaxel in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer.
J Clin Oncol 2022 Apr 19.
DOI:10.
1200/JCO.
21.
01801 (Epub ahead of print).
Copyright information This article was translated, edited or commissioned by the NEJM Frontiers in Medicine, a collaboration between J-Med and The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM).
Copyright information This article was translated, written or commissioned by "NEJM Frontiers in Medicine" jointly created by Jiahui Medical Research and Education Group (J-Med) and "New England Journal of Medicine" (NEJM)Copyright information This article was translated, written or commissioned by "NEJM Frontiers in Medicine" jointly created by Jiahui Medical Research and Education Group (J-Med) and "New England Journal of Medicine" (NEJM)
.

The full text of the Chinese translation and the included figures are exclusively authorized by the NEJM Group
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