Communications Biology: Medical University of Vienna: Scientists Identify a New ColorEctal Cancer Treatment

Introduction: Nowadays, with the development of economy and society, our living habits and eating habits have undergone great changesThis has led to bowel cancer becoming one of the most common types of cancer, currently among the highest rates of morbidity and mortality in the world, and researchers from Austria have recently discovered a new mechanism associated with the occurrence of bowel cancer and identified a new treatment for bowel cancermedical technology is evolving, and our enemy, cancer cells, is evolvingCancer cells have evolved mechanisms that are not detected by the body'simmunesystem to avoid attacks by the immune system, research has foundTherefore, increasing the sensitivity of cancer cells to immune attacks is an important strategy to ensure the success of immunotherapy technologyHowever, little is known about this potential mechanismBut recently, a team of researchers in Austria discovered a new mechanism associated with bowel cancer cells avoiding the immune system and identified a new target cell for intestinaltumor immuno
therapyRobert Efr
the study, led by Robert Eferl of the Institute of Cancer Research at the Medical University of Vienna in Austria and published in Journal of Communication BiologyThe title is "IDO1 plus Paneth cells promote immune escape of colorectal cancer"The researchers knocked out the transcription factor Stat1 in the intestinal epithelial cells of ApcMin mice The mice developed intestinal tumors due to a mutation in the Apc gene It was found that mice that knocked Stat1 were smaller and less invasive, and that these tumors were infused with immune cells, allowing them to play a greater role in tumor defense, including cytotoxic T lymphocytes This phenomenon attracted the interest of the team, which then used RNA sequencing techniques to study the tumors in more detail They then found that in the Stat1 defective tumor, the expression of Ido1 decreased Ido1 encodes an enzyme that produces the metabolite tyrosine Because tyrosine inhibits the body's immune response to tumors, it allows them to grow In other words, knocking out the transcription factor Stat1 can enhance the body's immune system's resistance to tumors Further studies have shown that ApcMin tumors with the complete Stat1 gene contain special cells that express Ido1 Similar cells have been found in human intestinal polyps These cells do not exist in The Stat1 defectofive ApcMin tumor This further proves that knocking out the cells of the transcription factor Stat1 is beneficial to the body's immune system in fighting tumors researchers characterized the cells and found that the particular cells were Paneth cell Pan's cells are special cells that exist only in the gastrointestinal tract and are located in the area of stem cells responsible for intestinal mucosa regeneration, supporting the division of intestinal stem cells , the researchers also found that bacterial microbes stimulatethe expression of Ido1 in Pan's cells In response, Eiel explained: "Based on our hypothesis, the bacterial microbiome induces Ido1 immune checkpoints in Pan's cells, thus prevent local intestinal inflammation ." However, this also causes an immunosuppressive region in the intestine, in which intestinal tumors develop Eversaid says their study reveals a new mechanism for the development of bowel cancer,