Diabetes Care: Differences in the correlation between dietary choices and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Background: Diabetes is one of the most common endocrine and metabolic diseases, with a genetic predisposition and onset
triggered by environmental factors.
With the development of social economy, changes in people's lifestyles (increased energy intake and decreased exercise, etc.
) and the aging population, the incidence of type 2 diabetes is increasing year by year worldwide
.

With the rapid economic development and the acceleration of the industrialization process, the change of lifestyle and the acceleration of the aging process, the prevalence of diabetes in China is showing a rapid upward trend, becoming another important chronic non-communicable disease
that seriously endangers people's health after cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and tumors.
The World Health Organization estimates that between 2005 and 2015, China's economic losses due to diabetes and related cardiovascular diseases amounted to $557.
7 billion
.
A number of surveys in recent years have shown that whether it is developed countries in Europe and the United States or developing countries such as China, the control of diabetes is not optimistic
.
China's party and government attach great importance to the prevention and control of chronic non-communicable diseases represented by diabetes, and the management of diabetes and hypertensive patients has been an important measure to promote the equalization of basic public health services since 2009, and a three-year implementation plan
for deepening the reform of the medical and health system.
In order to curb the spread of diabetes, for a long time, the Diabetes Branch of the Chinese Medical Association has made unremitting efforts to prevent and treat diabetes together with colleagues from all over the world, and has carried out a lot of diabetes publicity and education, epidemiological investigation, prevention and treatment research and clinical work
.
The standardization of clinical work is an important guarantee for the success of the prevention and treatment of diabetes and its complications, and the guidelines are the academic documents and basis for
the standardization of clinical work.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association
between a broad dietary classification approach and the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Geographic and Ethnic Disparities Causes of Stroke (REGARDS) study.

Study design and methods: This study included 8750 black and white adults
without diabetes at baseline.
Diabetes is defined as fasting blood glucose ≥ 70 mmol/L, random blood glucose ≥ 111 mmol/L, or use of diabetes medications
.
The exposed diets were the dietary scores, dietary inflammation index (DII), dietary inflammation score (DIS), and empirical dietary patterns (plant-based) of the Mediterranean and dietary approaches to hypertension control (DASH) diet and Mediterranean-DASH neurodegenerative delay intervention (MIND), which were determined using data collected using the Block 98 Food Frequency Questionnaire
.
Modified Poisson regression was used to assess the relationship between dietary measures and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and the model adjusted for total energy intake, demographics, lifestyle factors, and waist circumference
.

Results: 1026 cases (11.
7%)
of type 2 diabetes mellitus occurred during the follow-up period.
After adjusting for demographics and lifestyle, adherence to Southern dietary patterns was most strongly associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (quintile [Q]5 vs.
lowest Q1:hazard ratio [RR] 1.
95; 95% ci 1.
57, 2.
41)
。 On dietary scores, DIS (Q5 vs.
Q1 RR 1.
41) and MIND (Q1 vs.
Q5 RR 1.
33) demonstrated the strongest
association between anti-inflammatory diets and reduced diabetes incidence.

Table 1 Rating ranges for dietary patterns and scores calculated by fifths

Table 2 Dietary patterns and scores and E values for the incidence of type 2 diabetes

Conclusions: We found several associations
between diet patterns and the onset of type 2 diabetes.
It is
necessary to investigate the mechanisms associated with southern dietary patterns.
Further research using DIS, DII and MIND dietary scores should consider dietary recommendations
for diabetes prevention.

Original source:

Tison SE, Shikany JM, Long DL, et al.
Differences in the Association of Select Dietary Measures With Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes.
Diabetes Care 2022 Sep 20