Diabetes Care: The association between pre-pregnancy diabetes and gestational diabetes in pregnant women and congenital malformations in newborns

Researchers aim to assess the relationship between pre-pregnancy diabetes, gestational diabetes (GDM) and 12 congenital malformation subtypes in newborns, according to a recent study published in Diabetes Care, an authoritative journal in the field of diabetes.
researchers included 2921,1974 live births recorded in the U.S. National Vital Statistics System between 2011 and 2018, with mothers between the ages of 18 and 49.
retrieved information about pre-pregnancy diabetes, GDM and congenital malformations from the birth certificate.
2 regressions were used to estimate the risk ratio (RRs) and 95% CI of congenital malformation populations and subtypes.
9,061 of the 2921,1974 live births were born with congenital abnormalities.
For pregnant women with pre-pregnancy diabetes, the corrected RRs were 2.44 (95% CI is 2.33-2.55) and for GDM pregnant women, the corrected RRs were 1.28 (95% CI was 1.24-1.31).
the links between the groups were generally consistent in terms of maternal age, race/ethnicity, pre-pregnancy obesity and infant sex.
for specific subtypes of congenital malformation, pre-pregnancy diabetes or GDM are associated with an increased risk of most subtypes.
for pregnant women with pre-pregnancy diabetes, the adjusted RR for infant cyanosis congenital heart disease was 4.61 (95% CI was 4.28-4.96) and GDM for pregnant women was 1.50 (95% CI was 1.43-1.58).
For pregnant women with pre-pregnancy diabetes, the adjusted RRs for infant urethra cracking were 1.88 (95% CI was 1.67-2.12) and for GDM pregnant women, the corrected RRs were 1.29 (95% CI for 1.21-1.36).
it can be seen that pre-pregnancy diabetes and GDM are associated with several subtypes of congenital abnormalities in newborns.
findings suggest that pre-pregnancy counseling has potential benefits in preventing congenital malformations in women at risk of developing diabetes or GDM.