Does your hospital carry out these special blood tests?

01Examination of excessive destruction of red blood cells

0101Excessive red blood cell destruction inspection Excessive red blood cell destruction inspection

Routinered blood cell count and hemoglobin content in peripheral blood are reduced, broken red blood cells and abnormal red blood cells can be seen in blood smears
.

When a typical abnormal red blood cell or self-agglutination occurs, it can provide clues to the cause of hemolysis

Routine red blood cell count and hemoglobin content in peripheral blood are reduced, broken red blood cells and abnormal red blood cells can be seen in blood smears

Significance of plasma free hemoglobin determination.

The significance of serum haptoglobin determination ( Hp ) The significance of serum haptoglobin determination ( Hp )

Reduced serum haptoglobin is seen in:

Reduced serum haptoglobin is seen in:

⑴ Various hemolytic anemias, including intravascular or extravascular hemolysis;

⑴ Various hemolytic anemias, including intravascular or extravascular hemolysis;

⑵ liver cell damage, infectious mononucleosis, congenital hyperlipidemia and other non-haptoglobin
.

⑵ liver cell damage, infectious mononucleosis, congenital hyperlipidemia and other non-haptoglobin
.

Increased serum haptoglobin is seen in infection , tissue damage, extrahepatic obstructive jaundice, and malignant tumors
.

Increased serum haptoglobin is seen in infection , tissue damage, extrahepatic obstructive jaundice, and malignant tumors
.

Infect

Significance of plasma methemoglobin albumin testThis test helps to distinguish intravascular or extravascular hemolysis.
A positive sign indicates severe intravascular hemolysis
.

For example, in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, a methemoglobin albumin zone appears, but there is no such zone in extravascular hemolysis of spherocytosis

Significance of plasma methemoglobin albumin test This test helps to distinguish intravascular or extravascular hemolysis.

Urine test

⑴ Increased excretion of urobilinogen;

⑴ Increased excretion of urobilinogen;

⑵ The occult blood test is positive, this is because when the plasma free hemoglobin is significantly increased, exceeding the amount of conjugated globin and renal tubular reabsorption function, hemoglobinuria occurs;

⑵ The occult blood test is positive, this is because when the plasma free hemoglobin is significantly increased, exceeding the amount of conjugated globin and renal tubular reabsorption function, hemoglobinuria occurs;

⑶ The urine hemosiderin test is positive, which reflects chronic hemolysis, especially intravascular hemolysis
.

⑶ The urine hemosiderin test is positive, which reflects chronic hemolysis, especially intravascular hemolysis
.

Red blood cell lifespan determination is a reliable indicator for detecting hemolysis, commonly used 51Cr , 3P-DFP or diisopropyl fluorophosphate labeled red blood cell method can reflect the index of red blood cell lifespan
.

This measurement shows that the shortened lifespan of red blood cells indicates hemolysis

Red blood cell lifespan determination is a reliable indicator for detecting hemolysis, commonly used 51Cr , 3P-DFP or diisopropyl fluorophosphate labeled red blood cell method can reflect the index of red blood cell lifespan

02 Examination of Compensated Red Blood Cell Hyperplasia 02 Examination of Compensated Red Blood Cell Hyperplasia

Reticulocytes increased in 5% ~ 20% or more
.

Reticulocytes increased in 5% ~ 20% or more
.

Immature red blood cells appear in the peripheral blood, mainly late young red blood cells
.

Due to the appearance of reticulocytes and immature red blood cells, it may show an increase in macrocytosis

Immature red blood cells appear in the peripheral blood, mainly late young red blood cells
.
Due to the appearance of reticulocytes and immature red blood cells, it may show an increase in macrocytosis
.

Bone marrow young red blood cells proliferate significantly, mainly in the middle and late young red blood cells, and the ratio of granular red is often inverted
.

Bone marrow young red blood cells proliferate significantly, mainly in the middle and late young red blood cells, and the ratio of granular red is often inverted
.

03 Inspection of red blood cell membrane defects

03 Inspection of Red Cell Membrane Defects 03 Inspection of Red Cell Membrane Defects

Significance of erythrocyte osmotic fragility test

Significance of erythrocyte osmotic fragility test

1.
osmotic fragility increase seen: hereditary spherocytosis cell histiocytosis, their immune hemolytic anemia with secondary spherical cells increased and so on
.

1.
osmotic fragility increase seen: hereditary spherocytosis cell histiocytosis, their immune hemolytic anemia with secondary spherical cells increased and so on
.
immunity

2.
The osmotic fragility reduction seen: iron deficiency anemia , globin generated anemia
.

2.
The osmotic fragility reduction seen: iron deficiency anemia , globin generated anemia
.
Iron deficiency anemia

Red blood cell incubation osmotic fragility test significance This test is sensitive to the detection of mild hereditary spherocytosis, and is also seen in pyruvate kinase deficiency and other enzyme-deficient hemolytic anemia
.

Red blood cell incubation osmotic fragility test significance This test is sensitive to the detection of mild hereditary spherocytosis, and is also seen in pyruvate kinase deficiency and other enzyme-deficient hemolytic anemia
.

Significance of autohemolysis test and correction test

Significance of autohemolysis test and correction test Significance of autohemolysis test and correction test Significance of autohemolysis test and correction test

1.
Hereditary spherocytosis, hemolysis is significantly enhanced in hypotonic saline, hemolysis is significantly corrected after adding glucose, and hemolysis is significantly corrected after adding ATP .

1.
Hereditary spherocytosis, hemolysis is significantly enhanced in hypotonic saline, hemolysis is significantly corrected after adding glucose, and hemolysis is significantly corrected after adding ATP .

2.
Congenital non-spherical cell hemolytic anemia type I ( G-6-PD deficiency), normal or slightly enhanced hemolysis in hypotonic saline, hemolysis is partially corrected after glucose is added, and hemolysis is partially corrected after ATP is added .

2.
Congenital non-spherical cell hemolytic anemia type I ( G-6-PD deficiency), normal or slightly enhanced hemolysis in hypotonic saline, hemolysis is partially corrected after glucose is added, and hemolysis is partially corrected after ATP is added .

3.
Congenital non-spherical cell hemolytic anemia type II ( PK deficiency), hemolysis in hypotonic saline is significantly enhanced, hemolysis cannot be corrected after glucose is added , hemolysis is significantly corrected after ATP is added .

3.
Congenital non-spherical cell hemolytic anemia type II ( PK deficiency), hemolysis in hypotonic saline is significantly enhanced, hemolysis cannot be corrected after glucose is added , hemolysis is significantly corrected after ATP is added .

04 erythrocyte enzyme defects inspection

04 Inspection of Enzyme Defects in Red Blood Cells 04 Inspection of Enzyme Defects in Red Blood Cells

Significance of the methemoglobin reduction test When the red blood cell G-6-PD activity is normal, the reduction rate is >75% ; such as G-6-PD deficiency, the formation of methemoglobin, the reduction rate is much slower than normal red blood cells , and the reduction rate is significantly reduced
.
This test reflects the ability of red blood cells to reduce methemoglobin, with low specificity, and can be used as a screening test for G-6-PD deficiency
.

The significance of the methemoglobin reduction test When the red blood cell G-6-PD activity is normal, the reduction rate is >75% ; such as G-6-PD deficiency, the formation of methemoglobin, the reduction rate is much slower than normal red blood cells , and the reduction rate is significantly reduced
.
This test reflects the ability of red blood cells to reduce methemoglobin, with low specificity, and can be used as a screening test for red blood cell erythrocyte G-6-PD deficiency
.

Significance of the examination of denatured globin bodies When G-6-PD is lacking, denatured globin bodies are easy to detect, and the increase of denatured globin bodies can be seen in certain drug poisoning, unstable hemoglobinopathy, and after splenectomy
.

Significance of the examination of denatured globin bodies When G-6-PD is lacking, denatured globin bodies are easy to detect, and the increase of denatured globin bodies can be seen in certain drug poisoning, unstable hemoglobinopathy, and after splenectomy
.

Significance of determination of red blood cell G-6-PD activity.
When G-6-PD is lacking, the appearance of fluorescent spots is often delayed or does not appear, which can be used for a more specific screening test for G-6-PD .
Further, ultraviolet spectrophotometry can be used to quantitatively determine the activity of G-6-PD .

Significance of determination of red blood cell G-6-PD activity.
When G-6-PD is lacking, the appearance of fluorescent spots is often delayed or does not appear, which can be used for a more specific screening test for G-6-PD .
Further, ultraviolet spectrophotometry can be used to quantitatively determine the activity of G-6-PD .

Significance of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase determination When pyruvate kinase is lacking, the disappearance is often delayed or does not disappear after 60 minutes , which can be used for a more specific screening test for pyruvate kinase
.
Further, UV spectrophotometry can be used to quantitatively determine the activity of pyruvate kinase
.

Significance of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase determination When pyruvate kinase is lacking, the disappearance is often delayed or does not disappear after 60 minutes , which can be used for a more specific screening test for pyruvate kinase
.
Further, UV spectrophotometry can be used to quantitatively determine the activity of pyruvate kinase
.

05 Test for abnormal globin synthesis

05 Tests for abnormal globin synthesis 05 Tests for abnormal globin synthesis

Significance of hemoglobin electrophoresis

Significance of hemoglobin electrophoresis

1.
If HbA , HbA2 , HbF decrease, it is seen in α- globin production disorder anemia;

1.
If HbA , HbA2 , HbF decrease, it is seen in α- globin production disorder anemia;

2.
If HbA decreases, HbF increases significantly, which is seen in β- globin anemia;

2.
If HbA decreases, HbF increases significantly, which is seen in β- globin anemia;

3.
HbA2 often decreases in iron deficiency anemia, and HbA2 can increase in megaloblastic anemia ;

3.
HbA2 often decreases in iron deficiency anemia, and HbA2 can increase in megaloblastic anemia ;

4.
If a new zone appears, it may be abnormal hemoglobin, which should be further checked
.

4.
If a new zone appears, it may be abnormal hemoglobin, which should be further checked
.

Fetal hemoglobin ( HbF ) determination

Fetal Hemoglobin ( HbF ) Determination Fetal Hemoglobin ( HbF ) Determination

1 .
Significance of the determination of anti-alkaline hemoglobin

1 .
Significance of the determination of anti-alkaline hemoglobin

⑴ Significant increase in anti-alkaline hemoglobin is seen in:

⑴ Significant increase in anti-alkaline hemoglobin is seen in:

β- globin production disorder anemia
.
Except for mild increases seen in:

β- globin production disorder anemia
.
Except for mild increases seen in:

In addition to β- globinogenesis anemia , it is also seen in normal pregnant women, aplastic anemia, hereditary spherocytosis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, leukemia, bone marrow metastatic cancer and so on
.

In addition to β- globinogenesis anemia , it is also seen in normal pregnant women, aplastic anemia, hereditary spherocytosis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, leukemia, bone marrow metastatic cancer and so on
.
Anemia Anemia

2 .
The significance of HbF acid elution is the same as the determination of anti-alkaline hemoglobin
.

2 .
The significance of HbF acid elution is the same as the determination of anti-alkaline hemoglobin
.

Significant increase in HbH inclusion body staining is seen in: globinogenesis anemia ( α -thalassemia), HbH disease, and some hemoglobinopathies can be slightly increased
.

Significant increase in HbH inclusion body staining is seen in: globinogenesis anemia ( α -thalassemia), HbH disease, and some hemoglobinopathies can be slightly increased
.

Significance of red blood cell sickling test The number of sickle-shaped red blood cells is related to the HbS content.
In addition to HbS disease, sickle-shaped red blood cells can also appear in some hemoglobinopathies
.

Significance of red blood cell sickling test The number of sickle-shaped red blood cells is related to the HbS content.
In addition to HbS disease, sickle-shaped red blood cells can also appear in some hemoglobinopathies
.

Unstable hemoglobin test

Unstable hemoglobin test

1 .
Significance of the isopropanol precipitation test.
Unstable hemoglobinopathy can precipitate after 5 minutes by adding isopropanol solvent , and it can become flocculent after 20 minutes .
HbH , HbF, or methemoglobin can also be positive .

1 .
Significance of the isopropanol precipitation test.
Unstable hemoglobinopathy can precipitate after 5 minutes by adding isopropanol solvent , and it can become flocculent after 20 minutes .
HbH , HbF, or methemoglobin can also be positive .

2 .
The heat denaturation test has the same meaning as the isopropanol precipitation test
.

2 .
The heat denaturation test has the same meaning as the isopropanol precipitation test
.

06 Examination of immune hemolysis

06 Examination of Immune Hemolysis 06 Examination of Immune Hemolysis

Significance of anti-human globulin test

Significance of anti-human globulin test

1.
Direct test positive is seen in:

1.
Direct test positive is seen in:

①Autoimmune hemolytic anemia ( AIHA ), in addition to the primary AIHA , can also be secondary to connective tissue disease, malignant lymphoma , leukemia, certain infections, drugs, etc.
caused by AIHA ;

①Autoimmune hemolytic anemia ( AIHA ), in addition to the primary AIHA , can also be secondary to connective tissue disease, malignant lymphoma , leukemia, certain infections, drugs, etc.
caused by lymphoma AIHA ;

② Hemolytic disease of the newborn

② Hemolytic disease of the newborn

③ A few cold antibody type immune hemolytic anemia
.

③ A few cold antibody type immune hemolytic anemia
.

2.
Indirect test chronically seen in Rh and ABO blood type pregnancy immune hemolysis, incomplete antibodies in maternal serum
.

2.
Indirect test chronically seen in Rh and ABO blood type pregnancy immune hemolysis, incomplete antibodies in maternal serum
.

The significance of the acid hemolysis test is positive and supports the diagnosis of PNH .
Severe AIHA and obvious spherocytosis may occasionally be positive .

The significance of the acid hemolysis test is positive and supports the diagnosis of PNH .
Severe diagnosis of AIHA and obvious spherocytosis may occasionally be positive .

Significance of sucrose water hemolysis test This test is often positive in PNH patients, and is more sensitive than acid hemolysis test, but the specificity is not strong
.
Aplastic anemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, hereditary spherocytosis, etc.
can also be mildly positive
.

Significance of sucrose water hemolysis test This test is often positive in PNH patients, and is more sensitive than acid hemolysis test, but the specificity is not strong
.
Aplastic anemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, hereditary spherocytosis, etc.
can also be mildly positive
.

Significance of hot and cold hemolysis test This test is positive to support the diagnosis of PCH .
Certain viral infections such as infectious mononucleosis and mumps are occasionally positive .

Significance of hot and cold hemolysis test This test is positive to support the diagnosis of PCH .
Certain viral infections such as infectious mononucleosis and mumps are occasionally positive .
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