Environ Health Perspect: Long-term exposure to traffic noise is associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes

Background: Epidemiological studies have shown that traffic noise is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, especially cardiovascular diseases
.

Approximately a quarter of the population of the European Union is exposed to noise levels in excess of 55dB

Low-grade inflammation, reduces insulin sensitivity, interferes with blood sugar regulation, and leads to hormone disturbances in regulating appetite ,

Method: Estimate the most and least exposure to road traffic and railway noise (LDEN) from the exterior walls of all dwellings in Denmark from 1990 to 2017
.

We collected information (address and geocoding) of all residential addresses in Denmark from the Building and Housing Registry, and then estimated the traffic noise on the facades of each residence that were the most exposed and least exposed

_{d e n Aeq den}

The 10-year time-weighted average noise exposure is estimated to be 3:56 million individuals ≥35 years of age
.

From 2000 to 2017, through hospital and prescription registration, a total of 233,912 patients with type 2 diabetes were found, and the average follow-up time was 12.

Results: The risk ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the most and least exposed 10-year average road traffic noise increase and type 2 diabetes were 1.
05 (95% CI: 1.
04, 1.
05) and 1.
09 (95%), respectively CI: 1.
08, 1.
10), the correlation coefficients were 1.
05 (95% CI: 1.
04, 1.
05) and 1.
09 (95% CI: 1.
08, 1.
10)
.

After adjusting for fine particulate matter [aerodynamic diameter particulate matter ≤2: 5lm] (10-year average), HRs (Cis) were 1.

Table: The relationship between residential exposure to road traffic, railway, and airplane noise and the risk of type 2 diabetes (N= 3,563,991)
.

Table: The relationship between residential exposure to road traffic, railway, and airplane noise and the risk of type 2 diabetes (N= 3,563,991)
.

Figure 1 The hazard ratio of type 2 diabetes accidents (95% confidence interval) and the 10-year average residential exposure to (A) the most exposed frontal road traffic noise, (B) the least exposed frontal road traffic, (C) The most exposed frontal railway noise and (D) the least exposed frontal railway noise are related to each reference category of exposure (N=3563,991)
.

All models are based on the individual’s age, gender, calendar year (2 years), citizenship status (married/cohabiting, widow/divorce, single), income (quintile), country of origin (Denmark, non-Denmark), occupation group (Unemployment, blue-collar, low-level white-collar, senior white-collar, retirement), green space (150m and 1000m buffer), and aircraft noise (<45, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59 and ≥60 decibels) have been adjusted

Figure 1 The hazard ratio of type 2 diabetes accidents (95% confidence interval) and the 10-year average residential exposure to (A) the most exposed frontal road traffic noise, (B) the least exposed frontal road traffic, (C) The most exposed frontal railway noise and (D) the least exposed frontal railway noise are related to each reference category of exposure (N=3563,991)

Figure 2 The risk ratio of type 2 diabetes (95% confidence interval) for events related to the number of traffic noise sources (10-year average L _denmax ≥ ₄₅ , 50, or 55 decibels, respectively), compared to no individual traffic noise source reaching or The risk of participants exceeding the threshold (N=3,563,991)
.

All models are based on the individual's age, gender, calendar year (2 years), citizenship (married/cohabiting, widow/divorce, single), income (quintile), country of origin (Denmark, non-Denmark), occupation group ( Unemployment, blue-collar, low-level white-collar, senior white-collar, retirement) and green space (150-meter and 1000-meter buffer zone), as well as low-income, only basic education, unemployment and population proportions at the regional level have been adjusted

Figure 2 The risk ratio of type 2 diabetes (95% confidence interval) for events related to the number of traffic noise sources (10-year average L _denmax ≥ ₄₅ , 50, or 55 decibels, respectively), compared to no individual traffic noise source reaching or The risk of participants exceeding the threshold (N=3,563,991)

Figure 3 Based on the potential impact correction factors (N=3,563,991), the hazard ratio of type 2 diabetes events (95% confidence interval) and the 10-year average road traffic noise of the most exposed and least exposed façades (linear, every 10 decibels) ) Related (N=3,563,991)
.

During a 10-year period, if expressways are the main source of road traffic noise, classify road noise as “yes”
.
PM2: 5 classifies exposure based on the 10-year average
.
The value next to each modifier name AREP-the value used for L _denmax and Ldenmin, respectively, based on Wald's test of models with interaction terms
.
Excluding the modifiers, all models are based on personal level-age, gender, calendar years (2 years), citizenship [married/cohabiting, widow/divorce, single], income (quintile), country of origin (Denmark, Denmark), occupational groups (unemployed, blue-collar, low-level white-collar, senior white-collar, retirement), green space (150m and 1000m buffer), aircraft noise (<45, 45-49, 50-54, 55-) have been adjusted
.
People who have only basic education, people who are unemployed, people who are engaged in manual labor
.
The road traffic noise model is also adjusted based on the 10-year average railway noise (continuous) and any railway noise index items (yes/no)
.
For the corresponding numerical data and number of cases in each modification subgroup, see Table S9
.
Note: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; L _denmax , the most exposed facade noise; L _denmin , the least exposed facade noise; PM2: 5, fine particulate matter (PM≤2: 5lm aerodynamic diameter)
.

Figure 3 Based on the potential impact correction factors (N=3,563,991), the hazard ratio of type 2 diabetes events (95% confidence interval) and the 10-year average road traffic noise of the most exposed and least exposed façades (linear, every 10 decibels) ) Related (N=3,563,991)
.
During a 10-year period, if expressways are the main source of road traffic noise, classify road noise as “yes”
.
PM2: 5 classifies exposure based on the 10-year average
.
The value next to each modifier name AREP-the value used for L _denmax and Ldenmin, respectively, based on Wald's test of models with interaction terms
.
Excluding the modifiers, all models are based on personal level-age, gender, calendar years (2 years), citizenship [married/cohabiting, widow/divorce, single], income (quintile), country of origin (Denmark, Denmark), occupational groups (unemployed, blue-collar, low-level white-collar, senior white-collar, retirement), green space (150m and 1000m buffer), aircraft noise (<45, 45-49, 50-54, 55-) have been adjusted
.
People who have only basic education, people who are unemployed, people who are engaged in manual labor
.
The road traffic noise model is also adjusted based on the 10-year average railway noise (continuous) and any railway noise index items (yes/no)
.
For the corresponding numerical data and number of cases in each modification subgroup, see Table S9
.
Note: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; L _denmax , the most exposed facade noise; L _denmin , the least exposed facade noise; PM2: 5, fine particulate matter (PM≤2: 5lm aerodynamic diameter)
.
_{denmax denmax denmin}

Conclusion: In a nationwide cohort of Danish adults, long-term exposure to road, rail, and airplane traffic noise is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes
.
Our findings indicate that diabetes should be included when estimating the burden of disease caused by traffic noise
.

In a nationwide cohort of Danish adults, long-term exposure to road, rail, and airplane traffic noise was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes
.
Our findings indicate that diabetes should be included when estimating the burden of disease caused by traffic noise
.

Original source:

 Thacher JD, Poulsen AH, Hvidtfeldt UA, et al.
Long-Term Exposure to Transportation Noise and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes in a Nationwide Cohort Study from Denmark .
Environ Health Perspect 2021 Dec;129(12)

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