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"Henan Rainstorm" refreshed the screen overnight!

 Last Update: 2021-08-03
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From 6:00 on July 19 to the evening of the 20th, there was heavy rain in Zhengzhou, Henan
.

The water levels of many rivers in Zhengzhou continued to rise and appeared dangerous, many reservoirs exceeded the flood limit water levels, and the urban area was seriously waterlogged

On the 19th, there were heavy rainstorms (above 100 mm) at 794 stations in Henan, and extremely heavy rains in Zhengzhou, Henan and Pingdingshan.
The daily rainfall of 5 national meteorological observatories including Songshan has exceeded the extreme value since meteorological records
.

According to @Zhengzhou Meteorological News, from 08:00 to 17:00 on the 20th, there was a heavy rainstorm in Zhengzhou City, with some extremely heavy rainstorms, with an intensity of "one in a thousand years"
.

In recent years, catastrophic floods and other extreme weather events have shown an upward trend .
The Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences has published a study entitled "The changes in continuous and unsustainable extreme precipitation in the summer of 1961-2016 in China", which is based on the National Meteorological Information Center.
The daily precipitation observation data of more than 2400 stations from 1961 to 2016 analyzed the change characteristics of the continuous (lasting 2 d and more) and unsustainable (lasting 1 d) extreme precipitation events in summer in China.
The trend of precipitation is becoming more and more obvious
.

The main natural systems that affect the global climate

Research progress and prospects on the temporal and spatial pattern of extreme precipitation and its influencing factors under the background of global change, doi: 10.
3969 /j.
issn.
1000 － 811X.
2017.
02.
029

On March 11, 2016, “Attribution of Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change” published by the National Academy of Sciences Press pointed out that with the advancement of science, changes in weather caused by human activities have affected the intensity and intensity of certain extreme events.
Frequency
.

1854-2019 climate change

The concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has also risen to a record level, locking in the warming trend of future generations

In a world where the global average temperature is 1.
5°C higher than the pre-industrial average temperature, the potential regional temperature changes in the next 30 years, The Imperative for Climate Action to Protect Health, N Engl J Med 2019; 380: 263-273

DOI: 10.
1056/NEJMra1807873

For China, the trend of total precipitation across the country is not obvious, but the intensity of extreme precipitation is increasing

This is a conservative estimate because it does not include deaths due to other climate-sensitive health outcomes, nor does it include the effects of morbidity, extreme weather and climate events, and disruption of health services

US flood risk view

The First National Flood Risk Assessment Defining America's Growing Risk, https: //assets.
firststreet.
org/uploads/2020/06/first_street_foundation__first_national_flood_risk_assessment.
pdf

Frequent floods have had an unprecedented impact on a global scale.

The risks of infectious diseases mainly include water-borne diseases such as typhoid fever, cholera, leptospirosis and hepatitis A and vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue fever and dengue Haemorrhagic fever, yellow fever and West Nile fever
.

Okaka, Fredrick & Odhiambo, Beneah.
(2018).
Relationship between Flooding and Out Break of Infectious Diseasesin Kenya: A Review of the Literature.
Journal of Environmental and Public Health.
2018.
1-8.
10.
1155/2018/5452938.

Many literature reviews indicate that floods can increase the risk of spreading infectious diseases
.

Review studies such as Okaka found that the floods in Kenya are related to the outbreak of infectious diseases such as water-borne, rodent-borne and insect-borne diseases

Incidents of infectious diseases caused by global floods

Brown L, Murray V.
Examining the relationship between infectious diseases and flooding in Europe: A systematic literature review and summary of possible public health interventions.
Disaster Health.
2013; 1(2): 117-127.
Published 2013 Apr 1.
doi: 10.
4161/dish.
25216

The outbreak of infectious diseases (water-borne infectious diseases, rodent-borne and vector-borne diseases) will occur with the flooding time, Disaster Health.
2013; 1(2): 117-127.
Published 2013 Apr 1.
doi: 10.
4161 /dish.
25216

Research on the relationship between waterborne infectious diseases and floods, Disaster Health.
2013; 1(2): 117-127.
Published 2013 Apr 1.
doi: 10.
4161/dish.
25216

On the other hand, depending on the seasons, floods all over the world mostly occur in the rainy season.
For example, floods in our country mostly occur in summer and the air is fluid.
This makes the transmission channels wide and fast, and promotes the risk of infectious disease outbreaks
.

Other health risks include drowning, injury or trauma, the risk of electric shock is also increasing, flood-related power outages, traffic impacts may disrupt public health services (such as water supply, etc.
) interruption and all lifeline systems can have a huge impact, which can cause food shortages.
Increase the risk of water-borne diseases as mentioned above, but it may also affect the normal operation of sanitation facilities including the cold chain
.
Furthermore, being trapped in the flood for a long time, hypothermia may also be a problem, especially for children
.
In theory, it is possible for toxic chemical contamination to occur during floods, but no conclusive connection has been observed or determined so far
.

From 6:00 on July 19 to the evening of the 20th, there was heavy rain in Zhengzhou, Henan
.
The water levels of many rivers in Zhengzhou continued to rise and appeared dangerous, many reservoirs exceeded the flood limit water levels, and the urban area was seriously waterlogged
.
From 17:00 on July 20, Zhengzhou City will upgrade the emergency response of the second-level flood control to the first-level
.
In accordance with the relevant provisions of the "National Emergency Plan for Flood Control and Drought Relief", the General Administration of National Defense decided to initiate a third-level flood control emergency response at 20:00 on July 20
.

From 17:00 on July 20, Zhengzhou City will upgrade the emergency response of the second-level flood control to the first-level
.
From 17:00 on July 20, Zhengzhou City will upgrade the emergency response of the second-level flood control to the first-level
.
The National Defense Directorate decided to initiate a flood prevention level III emergency response at 20:00 on July 20
.
The National Defense Directorate decided to initiate a flood prevention level III emergency response at 20:00 on July 20
.

The intensity has reached the "once in a thousand years"
.

In recent years, extreme weather events such as catastrophic floods have been on the rise.
In recent years, extreme weather events such as catastrophic floods have been on the rise.

The main natural systems that affect the global climate

With the advancement of science, weather changes caused by human activities have affected the intensity and frequency of certain extreme events
.
With the advancement of science, weather changes caused by human activities have affected the intensity and frequency of certain extreme events
.

1854-2019 climate change

According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), warning signs and impacts of climate change (such as sea level rise, icing loss, and extreme weather) have increased between 2015 and 2019, the hottest five years on record
.
The concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has also risen to a record level, locking in the warming trend of future generations
.

DOI: 10.
1056/NEJMra1807873

Under the background of global warming, areas with increased total precipitation are likely to increase in extreme precipitation events by a greater proportion.
Even in some areas where average precipitation has decreased, extreme heavy precipitation events have also been found to have an increasing trend.
The United States and Canada Studies in Japan, Japan, Britain, Norway, South Africa, Brazil and Russia have all confirmed this conclusion
.
For China, the trend of total precipitation across the country is not obvious, but the intensity of extreme precipitation is increasing
.
The recent frequent floods at home and abroad are also confirming this
.

"New England Medicine" quoted previous WHO research estimates that between 2030 and 2050, about 250,000 people will die each year due to the chain reaction of extreme weather and infectious disease risks caused by climate change
.
This is a conservative estimate because it does not include deaths due to other climate-sensitive health outcomes, nor does it include the effects of morbidity, extreme weather and climate events, and disruption of health services
.

US flood risk view

The First National Flood Risk Assessment Defining America's Growing Risk, https: //assets.
firststreet.
org/uploads/2020/06/first_street_foundation__first_national_flood_risk_assessment.
pdf

In the context of climate change, coupled with people’s disturbance of river basins and riparian zones, bad land practices (such as deforestation, land degradation in the upper reaches and excessive surface water caused by farming methods) are increasing.
This is considered to be a frequent occurrence in many places.
The main driving force of the flood
.
Frequent floods have had an unprecedented impact on a global scale.
This change may affect human health in many ways, such as drowning, accidental injuries, outbreaks of gastroenteritis, respiratory infections, cholera, diarrhea, and dengue fever.
It can also increase the occurrence of depression, anxiety and other mental health problems by changing the geographical scope and seasonality of certain infectious diseases
.

For example, drowning, accidental injuries, gastroenteritis outbreaks, respiratory tract infections, cholera, diarrhea and dengue fever and many other epidemics can occur, and by changing the geographical scope and seasonality of certain infectious diseases, it can also increase mental health such as depression and anxiety.
Bad occurrence
.
For example, drowning, accidental injuries, gastroenteritis outbreaks, respiratory infections, cholera, diarrhea and dengue fever, and many other epidemics.
It can also increase mental health such as depression and anxiety by changing the geographic scope and seasonality of certain infectious diseases.
Bad occurrence
.

Many literature reviews indicate that floods can increase the risk of spreading infectious diseases
.
Review studies such as Okaka found that the floods in Kenya are related to the outbreak of infectious diseases such as water-borne, rodent-borne and insect-borne diseases
.
It also warned that comprehensive flood monitoring and risk assessment, disease warning systems, emergency plans and good departmental collaboration are essential to reduce the risk of infectious diseases caused by floods
.

Floods can increase the risk of spreading infectious diseases
.
Floods can increase the risk of spreading infectious diseases
.
Comprehensive flood monitoring and risk assessment, disease warning systems, emergency plans and good departmental collaboration are essential to reduce the risk of infectious diseases caused by floods
.
Comprehensive flood monitoring and risk assessment, disease warning systems, emergency plans and good departmental collaboration are essential to reduce the risk of infectious diseases caused by floods
.

Incidents of infectious diseases caused by global floods

Brown et al.
studied 38 flood events and showed that water-borne infectious diseases, rodent-borne and vector-borne diseases that broke out in Europe are related to floods, although their incidence is lower than that in developing countries
.
The research conclusion also believes that strengthening disease monitoring and early warning systems, and effective prevention and improvement of response capabilities can reduce the risk of infectious disease outbreaks caused by floods
.

The research conclusion also believes that strengthening disease monitoring and early warning systems, and effective prevention and improvement of response capabilities can reduce the risk of infectious disease outbreaks caused by floods
.
The research conclusion also believes that strengthening disease monitoring and early warning systems, and effective prevention and improvement of response capabilities can reduce the risk of infectious disease outbreaks caused by floods
.

Research on the relationship between waterborne infectious diseases and floods, Disaster Health.
2013; 1(2): 117-127.
Published 2013 Apr 1.
doi: 10.
4161/dish.
25216

This may be related to the decline of human body’s resistance to germs caused by floods.
Natural disasters caused by floods can cause famine, lack of safe and sanitary drinking water, breeding of mosquitoes, etc.
, reducing the resistance of the affected population, increasing the risk of exposure to infectious diseases, and causing infection.
A large-scale outbreak of the disease
.
On the other hand, depending on the seasons, floods all over the world mostly occur in the rainy season.
For example, floods in our country mostly occur in summer and the air is fluid.
This makes the transmission channels wide and fast, and promotes the risk of infectious disease outbreaks
.

Although in the short term, floods may have limited impact on the spread of infectious diseases, longer-term continuous floods can lead to a significant increase in the risk of water-borne and insect-borne diseases.
Under the superimposition of the global new crown pandemic, floods may increase the risk of health and health.
The system should formulate effective adaptation measures to reduce the health risks caused by flood disasters
.
Although in the short term, floods may have limited impact on the spread of infectious diseases, longer-term continuous floods can lead to a significant increase in the risk of water-borne and insect-borne diseases.
Under the superimposition of the global new crown pandemic, floods may increase the risk of health and health.
The system should formulate effective adaptation measures to reduce the health risks caused by flood disasters
.

Sudden rainstorms may cause disabling of regional governments, including communication interruption, power interruption, signal loss, and public information system interruption
.
On the one hand, the government must prepare plans for sudden disability and actively organize to restore the government's command and rescue functions
.
On the other hand, in the absence of government organization and command, every member of the society must do a good job of self-help within the scope of possible
.

Self-help manual

Self-Help Handbook Self-Help Handbook

Self-help by enterprises and institutions

The explosion at the Dengfeng Aluminum Alloy Plant is actually a model of self-rescue for a company: when the flood comes, all employees immediately stop production and evacuate, and are not in a hurry to rescue the company’s property
.
In the end, although there was an explosion, it was inevitable that the remaining molten metal in the reaction tank would explode due to contact with water.
It is precisely because the personnel were evacuated in time, so far there have been no reports of casualties, which can be said to be a blessing in misfortune
.

Other non-flood prevention related enterprises and institutions can also refer to this operation
.
When heavy rains and floods come, it is not necessary to require all staff to be on duty.
Instead, they should be organized to evacuate to a safe location in time, and then actively respond to the next stage of events
.

If enterprises and institutions ensure safety, they should actively use the relief supplies in their hands
.
Do a good job in the management and distribution of relief supplies, and provide necessary support to people in nearby areas while ensuring their own safety
.

If enterprises and public institutions have established safe venues (such as squares with higher prefectures and cities, houses that can accommodate more people, etc.
), they can be actively prepared to open up and accept people from danger
.

Enterprises and institutions can organize their own security teams to be responsible for order management within their own properties and jurisdictions
.
And try to get in touch with the local public security department, report the situation on the spot to the public security department in time, and get relevant guidance
.

Under the condition of ensuring safety, enterprises and institutions should try to open up their own surrounding channels, use their own communication facilities, information release facilities and outdoor facilities, release information to the outside world, inform their own safety conditions, personnel conditions, availability of venues, and availability Material situation
.

Where possible, try to ensure the safety of the water, grain, food, and sanitary supplies stored in your unit
.
In addition to ensuring the use of resident personnel of the unit, it can also help people in need when necessary
.

Self-rescue for individuals outdoor and urban and rural public areas:

When there is a strong flow of water in the area within sight, it should be immediately judged whether a flood disaster has occurred, and in the case of a flood and waterlogging weather, it should be taken to avoid danger immediately:

1.
Find a stable high ground:

a) The area above the 2nd floor (above the water surface) of a high-lying square, a solid multi-storey high-rise public building

b) Where possible, avoid danger on bridges, especially bridges on rivers
.
Because of the flooding formed in the river course, the bridge may be washed away;

2.
Avoid entering dangerous areas

a) Avoid boarding flood control facilities such as river dikes, as super floods may break down the dikes or overflow them
.

b) Avoid entering the underground part of the building to prevent water from flooding into the underground part

c) Avoid entering the subway and other facilities
.
Although subways are generally designed for waterproofing and flood prevention, the drainage capacity of subways is limited due to large flood disasters, and there are also certain dangers.

d) Do not enter underground culverts, cross-street tunnels, etc.

e) Do not enter the underground air defense project

f) Do not enter the underground shopping mall

g) ……

h) In short, the water goes to low places and people go to high places, avoid low places

i) Avoid getting close to old buildings

3.
Don't use transportation facilities during heavy rain

a) Don't drive around.
The ground conditions under heavy rain are completely covered, and it is impossible to accurately judge the accumulation of water.
Once you slide into low ground, you will die
.

b) Leave public transportation facilities as soon as possible
.
Public transportation facilities are also dangerous under heavy rain.
Whether it is buses, subways, taxis, or even high-speed rails, they may be interrupted.
Subways that stop underground and buses in low-lying areas are very dangerous.
Leave the transportation.
Find a safe location
.

c) Don't be afraid of getting wet.
The weather is not cold now, and the rain will not lose the temperature.
Just use it as a bath
.
Don’t be afraid of having no umbrella, or being seen by people’s body lines.
Life is the most important thing, and no one will laugh at anyone
.

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5.
In general families, there are not many items that need to be carried with them
.
Some tickets that are afraid of flooding can be sealed with plastic bags or fresh-keeping bags and carried with you, or placed in a place where they are protected from water at home
.
The most water-proof equipment in the home is the refrigerator
.
Putting these items in the refrigerator can ensure dryness and safety to a certain extent.
The refrigerator will not be washed away by water when the door is closed
.
Important items can therefore be preserved
.
Such as the collection of stamps, coins, calligraphy and painting, letters, etc.
, can be stored in this way
.
Even small collections such as cosmetics, jewellery, and figurines can be preserved in this way
.
If you are afraid of flooding the refrigerator door, you can wrap the refrigerator around with tape, and the door can be locked
.
Of course, after the flood, the refrigerator will definitely be useless, and the food that was kept fresh and frozen in the refrigerator will also be useless.
Therefore, if flood water is expected to be poured into the home, it is better to empty the contents of the refrigerator now.
Make a safe for valuables
.

6.
Necessary supplies for the elderly, children, and the sick
.

7.
Cut off the power at home to avoid short circuit of equipment and wires caused by water in the home, and avoid electric fire caused by short circuit
.

8.
Unplug the power cord of the household appliance
.

9.
Turn off the gas switches at all levels
.
Avoid gas leakage
.

10.
Carry your mobile phone, charging cable, charging head, and power bank with you
.
Ensure communication capabilities
.

11.
If there are radio enthusiasts, walkie-talkies and small radios, please bring them well and inform community members that these may become particularly important rescue communication equipment
.

12.
If you have a portable radio and battery at home, bring it with you
.
Not only can you ensure that you can get information from the outside world, but you can also help your neighbors and even the community
.

13.
Close doors and windows before leaving
.
Try to avoid water ingress
.

14.
You don't even need to bring household registration, ID card, etc.
, as long as the society restores order, these can be re-issued at any time
.
Relying on your face and fingerprints, the public security organs can confirm your identity
.
However, marriage certificates, degree certificates, graduation certificates, etc.
need to be protected, and these are not easy to reissue
.
Invoices and repair vouchers that need to be reimbursed also need to be kept
.
These can be stored in the refrigerator
.
If you don't have a refrigerator, find a sealed plastic box or other lunch box, or a kettle, or a thermos, which are all good sealing tools
.
It can be guaranteed to be as good as ever after the flood
.

15.
Spare food, such as packaged biscuits, instant noodles, etc.
, can be carried with you
.
If the flood cannot pass for a while, you can satisfy your hunger
.
The food that is cleaned out of the refrigerator, cooked food can be taken with you
.
Unedible fresh food can be packaged and discarded to the garbage station or stored-to the neighbors upstairs
.
If there is no way to make a fire, the raw fish, meat and eggs will not be eaten at all
.
Just treat it as rubbish
.

16.
If you have swimming rings, inflatable boats, inflatable beds and other items at home, bring them with you.
These can not only ensure the safety of your family, but also help more people when necessary
.

17.
There are fruit knives, scissors, band-aids, topical disinfectants, antibiotics, and daily medications used by the family
.

18.
Lighter
.

19.
Healthy people with mobility, form a team under the guidance of the community, responsible for rescue, maintenance, order maintenance, sanitation assistance and self-service
.
As long as the Chinese are organized, they can overcome everything
.

20.
Under the organization of the community, actively report the on-site situation to the higher-level government
.
Including the environment, on-site water conditions, power conditions, gas line conditions, and road traffic conditions.
The most important thing is the accurate number of people on site, as well as the number of men and women, the number of the elderly and the weak, the sick and the casualties are reported in time to facilitate government mobilization Resources to rescue
.

21.
If there are rescue ropes or the like, bring them
.

22.
Under the organization of the community, a team that is good at using tools can be organized to make some reinforcement or waterproof facilities
.

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