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During the infusion process, the patient becomes very nervous when seeing the bubbles entering.
During the infusion process, the patient becomes very nervous when seeing the bubbles entering.
Large amounts of gas into the blood circulation within a short time or a raw gas dissolved in the blood rapidly released, forming bubbles blocking the heart vessels , we referred to as gas embolism
Gas embolism is mostly caused by venous damage and rupture, and external air enters the bloodstream from the venous defect
After the gas enters the vein, it is first carried to the right atrium along the veins at all levels, and then into the right ventricle
How much gas is injected into a human vein to cause death? How much gas is injected into a human vein to cause death ?
Less gas into the body generally does not cause great harm, because the cat needs to inject 20 ~ 40 Haosheng gas embolism caused before death, the dog takes inject 80 ~ 150 Haosheng gas, people need more
Less gas into the body generally does not cause great harm, because the cat needs to inject 20 ~ 40 Haosheng gas embolism caused before death, the dog takes inject 80 ~ 150 Haosheng gas, people need more
If the amount of gas is small, it can be dispersed into the alveolar capillaries and combined with hemoglobin
However, the amount of gas entering is large and relatively rapid.
Will gas really enter after the liquid is infused? Will gas really enter after the liquid is infused?
the answer is negative! Generally speaking, there is a certain amount of pressure in the veins, because there is pressure, the veins will fill up
the answer is negative! Generally speaking, there is a certain amount of pressure in the veins, because there is pressure, the veins will fill up
Usually our infusion position is on the arm, and the posture is sitting or supine.
Decompression sickness is also a type of gas embolism
Decompression sickness is also a type of gas embolism
Decompression sickness is also a type of gas embolism
Key points of treatment of gas embolism Key points of treatment of gas embolism
Gas embolism is a life-threatening complication, difficult to treat, and poor prognosis
Gas embolism is a life-threatening complication, difficult to treat, and poor prognosis
What should I do if there is a gas embolism? What should I do if there is a gas embolism?
Immediately remove the factors of air intake.
If air is found to enter the body during the infusion process, the intravenous tube shall be immediately clamped to prevent further air from entering
.
If air is found to enter the body during the infusion process, the intravenous tube shall be immediately clamped to prevent further air from entering
.
Immediately inhale high-flow oxygen
.
.
Put the patient in a left-side decubitus position with head down and feet high, so that air enters the right ventricle, avoiding the entrance of the pulmonary artery.
Due to the beating of the heart, the air is mixed into foam and enters the pulmonary artery in small amounts
.
Due to the beating of the heart, the air is mixed into foam and enters the pulmonary artery in small amounts
.
When there is a lot of air, it will affect the cardiac discharge, so right ventricular puncture is required
.
.
If necessary, send a hyperbaric oxygen chamber for treatment.
If there is cerebral convulsions, diazepam can be used, or drugs to reduce cerebral edema, heparin and small molecule dextran can be used to improve circulation
.
If there is cerebral convulsions, diazepam can be used, or drugs to reduce cerebral edema, heparin and small molecule dextran can be used to improve circulation
.
Prevention method
Prevention method prevention methodpreventionBefore the infusion, the air should be exhausted.
During the infusion, the nurse on duty should promptly patrol and observe closely, and replace the fluid in time to prevent air from entering the vein and forming an embolism
.
During the infusion, the nurse on duty should promptly patrol and observe closely, and replace the fluid in time to prevent air from entering the vein and forming an embolism
.
When air is found to enter the body, the intravenous tube is immediately clamped to prevent air from entering further
.
.
Place the patient in a left-side decubitus position with head down and feet high, allowing air to enter the right ventricle, avoiding the entrance of the pulmonary artery.
Due to the beating of the heart, the air is mixed into foam and enters the pulmonary artery in small amounts.
At the same time, notify the doctor and cooperate with the doctor to make emergency response.
Processing
.
Due to the beating of the heart, the air is mixed into foam and enters the pulmonary artery in small amounts.
At the same time, notify the doctor and cooperate with the doctor to make emergency response.
Processing
.
Immediately inhale pure oxygen to the patient, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy is possible if conditions permit
.
.
If there is cerebral convulsions, diazepam can be used, hormones can also be used to reduce cerebral edema, heparin and small molecule dextran can be used to improve circulation
.
.
After the patient's condition is stable, the reason for the air entry, the amount of air and the treatment process are recorded in detail and truthfully
.
.
Continue to observe and record until it is proved that the patient is completely out of danger
.
.
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