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Eating fresh grapes reduces obesity and improves markers of hepatic steatosis and is associated with improvements in the gut microbiome
.
Fruits rich in polyphenols can have prebiotic effects, leading to changes in the composition of the gut microbiota
.
1.
The effect of grape powder intake on intestinal flora The effect of grape powder intake on intestinal flora
.
Fruits rich in polyphenols can have prebiotic effects, leading to changes in the composition of the gut microbiota
.
1.
The effect of grape powder intake on intestinal flora The effect of grape powder intake on intestinal flora
Grape meal intake for 4 weeks significantly increased the alpha diversity index (Shannon, p = 0.
04) compared with baseline ( Fig.
1B,C)
.
The beta diversity measure Bray-Curtis disparity was calculated and visualized by PCoA
.
There was no clear separation between baseline and 4-week grape meal intake ( Fig.
1D)
.
The 4-week intake of grape powder was compared to baseline, Verrucomicrobia ( Table 2 and Figure 1E) and the three genera Akkermansia , Flavonifractor and Lachnosmus The fecal relative abundance of the genus Lachnospiraceae UCG-010 ( Fig.
1F) was significantly increased, while the relative abundances of the two genera Bifidobacterium and Dialister ( Fig .
1F) were significantly increased in grape meal intake .
significantly decreased afterwards
.
A total of 357 metabolic pathways were predicted by PICRUSt2, of which a total of 6 were significantly different between baseline and 4-week grape powder intake ( Fig.
1G )
.
Grape intervention significantly increases the fucose and rhamnose degradation pathways, and the pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide de novo biosynthesis II pathway
.
(Kdo) 2-lipid A biosynthesis, NAD biosynthesis II (from tryptophan), degradation of L-tryptophan to 2-amino-3-carboxymethylthoronic acid semialdehyde, GDP-D-glycerol-α -D-mannose-heptose biosynthesis pathway was down-regulated ( Fig.
1G)
.
04) compared with baseline ( Fig.
1B,C)
.
The beta diversity measure Bray-Curtis disparity was calculated and visualized by PCoA
.
There was no clear separation between baseline and 4-week grape meal intake ( Fig.
1D)
.
The 4-week intake of grape powder was compared to baseline, Verrucomicrobia ( Table 2 and Figure 1E) and the three genera Akkermansia , Flavonifractor and Lachnosmus The fecal relative abundance of the genus Lachnospiraceae UCG-010 ( Fig.
1F) was significantly increased, while the relative abundances of the two genera Bifidobacterium and Dialister ( Fig .
1F) were significantly increased in grape meal intake .
significantly decreased afterwards
.
A total of 357 metabolic pathways were predicted by PICRUSt2, of which a total of 6 were significantly different between baseline and 4-week grape powder intake ( Fig.
1G )
.
Grape intervention significantly increases the fucose and rhamnose degradation pathways, and the pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide de novo biosynthesis II pathway
.
(Kdo) 2-lipid A biosynthesis, NAD biosynthesis II (from tryptophan), degradation of L-tryptophan to 2-amino-3-carboxymethylthoronic acid semialdehyde, GDP-D-glycerol-α -D-mannose-heptose biosynthesis pathway was down-regulated ( Fig.
1G)
.
2.
Grape powder intake and serum lipids and bile acids
p p p3.
Correlation between intestinal flora and blood lipids and BAs
The Spearman correlations of serum lipids, BA levels and gut microbial phyla levels after 4 weeks of grape powder intake were calculated and plotted as a heat map (Fig. 3)
.
The relative abundance changes of Proteobacteria, Euryarchaeota and Bacteroidetes were positively correlated with the proportion of serum DCA, GDCA and unconjugated BAs to total BAs, respectively
.
The relative abundance changes of actinomycetes were positively correlated with 4 out of 7 conjugated bacteria (GCA, GLCA, TCDCA and TDCA)
.
The Spearman correlations of serum lipids, BA levels and gut microbial phyla levels after 4 weeks of grape powder intake were calculated and plotted as a heat map (Fig.
3)
.
The relative abundance changes of Proteobacteria, Euryarchaeota and Bacteroidetes were positively correlated with the proportion of serum DCA, GDCA and unconjugated BAs to total BAs, respectively
.
The relative abundance changes of actinomycetes were positively correlated with 4 out of 7 conjugated bacteria (GCA, GLCA, TCDCA and TDCA)
.
The present findings provide new preliminary information on the effects of grape intake on the gut microbiome, host cholesterol and BA metabolism
.
These data will aid the design of future studies to explore the health benefits of grape consumption
.
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