J Agric Food Chem: Effects of long-term intake of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on intestinal inflammation

Early intake of substances in food, such as the whitening agent titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), can lead to long-term effects in adulthoodOur aim is to explore the possible adverse effects of long-term dietary intake of TiO2 NPsmice exposed to TiO2 NPs showed lower body weight and induced intestinal inflammation after 2-3 months of weaningHowever, this phenomenon was not observed in mice removed from the gut microbiomeTiO2 NPs exposure rarely affects diversity in the microbial community, but significantly reduces the abundance of several probiotic synopsies, including Bifidobacteria and LactobacillusIn addition, TiO2 NPs exacerbate DSS-induced chronic colitis and in vivo immune response, and reduce the number of CD4-T cells, regulatory T cells, and macrophages in the intestinal membrane lymph nodes, the TiO2 NPs in the diet may interfere with the balance of the immune system and the dynamics of the gut microbiome, leading to low levels of intestinal inflammation and an increased immune response to external stimuli, which can pose potential health risks