-
Categories
-
Pharmaceutical Intermediates
-
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
-
Food Additives
- Industrial Coatings
- Agrochemicals
- Dyes and Pigments
- Surfactant
- Flavors and Fragrances
- Chemical Reagents
- Catalyst and Auxiliary
- Natural Products
- Inorganic Chemistry
-
Organic Chemistry
-
Biochemical Engineering
- Analytical Chemistry
- Cosmetic Ingredient
-
Pharmaceutical Intermediates
Promotion
ECHEMI Mall
Wholesale
Weekly Price
Exhibition
News
-
Trade Service
Author: Chen Xianglei, Men Qian, Department of Hematology, Weifang Yidu Central
Hospital
Nonhemolytic transfusion reactions are the most common transfusion reactions, including transfusion-related acute lung injury, transfusion-related circulatory overload, allergic reactions, febrile transfusion reactions, post-transfusion purpura, and graft-versus-host disease
.
Although fatal anaphylaxis is rare, non-fatal anaphylaxis is more common
.
The incidence of allergic reactions due to platelet transfusions is approximately 3.
7% [1], and the incidence of this reaction is likely to be underestimated due to the application of antiallergic drugs before platelet transfusions
.
As a large user of platelets in the hospital, today we will talk about the mechanism, inspection methods and prevention strategies of allergic blood transfusion reaction caused by platelet transfusion [2]
.
Mechanism of allergic blood transfusion reaction 1 Antigen-dependent pathway Plasma proteins as allergens IgA deficiency, haptoglobin deficiency [3], complement C3 deficiency, and vWF factor deficiency can cause allergic reactions during platelet transfusion
.
Food-borne allergens Food-borne allergens enter the blood circulation of blood donors, and sensitive blood recipients develop allergic reactions after receiving platelets containing food-borne allergens
.
This phenomenon occurs more frequently in recipients who are allergic to peanuts
.
2 Antigen-independent pathways The biological response regulators that are continuously produced during platelet storage, such as inflammatory factors, chemotactic cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor, and soluble CD40L, can be transfused into the recipient's body to induce allergic reactions
.
3 There is histamine releasing activity in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria due to the recipient's own factors
.
Histamine-releasing activity, which induces mast cell calcium influx, was also observed in recipients with anaphylactic reactions to platelet transfusions
.
4 Passive infusion of antibodies and passive sensitization of plasma antibodies Passive infusion of plasma antibodies from IgA-deficient blood donors have high titers of IgA antibodies.
After receiving platelets from IgA-deficient patients, allergic reactions will theoretically occur, but this type of allergy has not yet been seen.
reaction reports
.
This type of allergic reaction has also not been reported after receiving platelets from haptoglobin-deficient donors [4]
.
Allergic reactions due to passive infusion of plasma antibodies should be extremely rare
.
Passively sensitized IgE antibodies against specific foods and drugs enter the blood recipient as part of platelet transfusion products, and the recipient captures IgE antibodies through FcRs on the surface of mast cells and basophils
.
This process is called passive sensitization
.
Allergic reactions can occur when recipients eat or inhale similar antigens
.
Laboratory tests for allergic transfusion reactions Laboratory tests for allergic transfusion reactions mainly include plasma IgA, haptoglobin levels, IgG and IgE antibodies against IgA and haptoglobin, mast cell tryptase detection and basophilic Cell Activation Assay (BAT)
.
Mast cell tryptase is the most abundant secreted serine protease in mast cells, and its increased concentration represents mast cell activation and indicates the occurrence of hypersensitivity reactions
.
CD63 or CD203c molecules on the surface of basophils were detected by flow cytometry in BAT, and the new and increased expression of CD63 and/or CD203c predicted a higher incidence of allergic reactions to platelet transfusion
.
Prevention of allergic blood transfusion reactions Two retrospective studies [5,6] concluded that, compared with placebo, the application of the antihistamine diphenhydramine 30 minutes before platelet transfusion can prevent and reduce platelet transfusion-induced complications to a certain extent.
However, it is believed that diphenhydramine has a weak anti-allergic effect, and its exact ability to prevent allergic reactions needs to be further confirmed
.
Whether the application of stronger antiallergic drugs such as glucocorticoids before blood transfusion can prevent allergic reactions caused by platelet transfusion remains to be confirmed
.
Treatment of Allergic Transfusion Reactions Although pre-platelet transfusions are less effective in preventing allergic reactions, they are relatively easy to treat once they occur
.
Diphenhydramine can be used when urticaria occurs, and glucocorticoids such as methylprednisolone and prednisone can be used for more severe urticaria
.
In the event of more serious allergic reactions such as hypotension and shock, the patient's blood oxygen and blood pressure levels should be stabilized first, and then intramuscular or subcutaneous injection of epinephrine should be actively used
.
Reference sources: 1.
Hirayama, F.
: Current understanding of allergic transfusion reactions: Incidence, pathogenesis, laboratory tests, prevention and treatment.
Br.
J.
Haematol.
160, 434–444 (2013).
10.
1111/bjh.
12150.
2.
Delaney , M.
, Wendel, S.
, Bercovitz, RS, Cid, J.
, Cohn, C.
, Dunbar, NM, Apelseth, TO, Popovsky, M.
, Stanworth, SJ, Tinmouth, A.
, Van De Watering, L .
, Waters, JH, Yazer, M.
, Ziman, A.
: Transfusion reactions: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
Lancet.
388, 2825–2836 (2016).
10.
1016/S0140-6736(15)01313-6.
3.
Shimada , E.
, Tadokoro, K.
, Watanabe, Y.
, Ikeda, K.
, Niihara, H.
, Maeda, I.
, Isa, K.
, Moriya, S.
, Ashida, T.
, Mitsunaga, S.
, Nakajima , K.
, Juji, T.
: Anaphylactic transfusion reactions in haptoglobin-deficient patients with IgE and IgG haptoglobin antibodies.
Transfusion.
42, 766–773 (2002).
10.
1046/j.
1537-2995.
2002.
00117.
x.
4.
Thoren ,K.
L.
, Avecilla, S.
T.
, Klimek, V.
, Goss, C.
, Sloan, M.
, Cancer, K.
, Sloan, M.
, Cancer, K.
: transfusion reactions in haptoglobin-deficient patients.
60, 682–687 (2021).
10.
1111/trf.
15657.
A.
5.
Sanders, R.
P.
, Maddirala, S.
D.
, Geiger,T.
L.
, Pounds, S.
, Sandlund, J.
T.
, Ribeiro, R.
C.
, Pui, C.
H.
,Howard, S.
C.
: Premedication with acetaminophen or diphenhydramine fortransfusion with leucoreduced blood products in children.
Br.
J.
Haematol.
130,781–787 (2005).
10.
1111/J.
1365-2141.
2005.
05670.
X.
6.
Kennedy,L.
A.
D.
, Case, L.
D.
, Hurd, D.
D.
, Cruz, J.
M.
, Pomper, G.
J.
: A prospective,randomized, double-blind controlled trial of acetaminophen and diphenhydraminepretransfusion medication versus placebo for the prevention of transfusionreactions.
Transfusion.
48, 2285–2291 (2008).
10.
1111/J.
1537-2995.
2008.
01858.
X.
“”，V.
, Goss, C.
, Sloan, M.
, Cancer, K.
, Sloan, M.
, Cancer, K.
: transfusion reactions in haptoglobin-deficient patients.
60, 682–687 (2021).
10.
1111/trf.
15657 .
A.
5.
Sanders, RP, Maddirala, SD, Geiger, TL, Pounds, S.
, Sandlund, JT, Ribeiro, RC, Pui, CH, Howard, SC: Premedication with acetaminophen or diphenhydramine for transfusion with leucoreduced blood products in children Br.
J.
Haematol.
130,781–787 (2005).
10.
1111/J.
1365-2141.
2005.
05670.
X.
6.
Kennedy,LAD, Case, LD, Hurd, DD, Cruz, JM, Pomper, GJ: A prospective ,randomized, double-blind controlled trial of acetaminophen and diphenhydraminepretransfusion medication versus placebo for the prevention of transfusion reactions.
Transfusion.
48, 2285–2291 (2008).
10.
1111/J.
1537-2995.
2008.
01858.
X.
we progress togetherV.
, Goss, C.
, Sloan, M.
, Cancer, K.
, Sloan, M.
, Cancer, K.
: transfusion reactions in haptoglobin-deficient patients.
60, 682–687 (2021).
10.
1111/trf.
15657 .
A.
5.
Sanders, RP, Maddirala, SD, Geiger, TL, Pounds, S.
, Sandlund, JT, Ribeiro, RC, Pui, CH, Howard, SC: Premedication with acetaminophen or diphenhydramine for transfusion with leucoreduced blood products in children Br.
J.
Haematol.
130,781–787 (2005).
10.
1111/J.
1365-2141.
2005.
05670.
X.
6.
Kennedy,LAD, Case, LD, Hurd, DD, Cruz, JM, Pomper, GJ: A prospective ,randomized, double-blind controlled trial of acetaminophen and diphenhydraminepretransfusion medication versus placebo for the prevention of transfusion reactions.
Transfusion.
48, 2285–2291 (2008).
10.
1111/J.
1537-2995.
2008.
01858.
X.
we progress together: transfusion reactions in haptoglobin-deficient patients.
60, 682–687 (2021).
10.
1111/trf.
15657.
A.
5.
Sanders, RP, Maddirala, SD, Geiger, TL, Pounds, S.
, Sandlund, JT, Ribeiro , RC, Pui, CH,Howard, SC: Premedication with acetaminophen or diphenhydramine for transfusion with leucoreduced blood products in children.
Br.
J.
Haematol.
130,781–787 (2005).
10.
1111/J.
1365-2141.
2005.
05670.
X.
6 .
Kennedy, LAD, Case, LD, Hurd, DD, Cruz, JM, Pomper, GJ: A prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial of acetaminophen and diphenhydraminepretransfusion medication versus placebo for the prevention of transfusion reactions.
Transfusion.
48, 2285– 2291 (2008).
10.
1111/J.
1537-2995.
2008.
01858.
X.
Click "Read the original text", let's make progress together: transfusion reactions in haptoglobin-deficient patients.
60, 682–687 (2021).
10.
1111/trf.
15657.
A.
5.
Sanders, RP, Maddirala, SD, Geiger, TL, Pounds, S.
, Sandlund, JT, Ribeiro , RC, Pui, CH,Howard, SC: Premedication with acetaminophen or diphenhydramine for transfusion with leucoreduced blood products in children.
Br.
J.
Haematol.
130,781–787 (2005).
10.
1111/J.
1365-2141.
2005.
05670.
X.
6 .
Kennedy, LAD, Case, LD, Hurd, DD, Cruz, JM, Pomper, GJ: A prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial of acetaminophen and diphenhydraminepretransfusion medication versus placebo for the prevention of transfusion reactions.
Transfusion.
48, 2285– 2291 (2008).
10.
1111/J.
1537-2995.
2008.
01858.
X.
Click "Read the original text", let's make progress togetherMaddirala, SD, Geiger, TL, Pounds, S.
, Sandlund, JT, Ribeiro, RC, Pui, CH, Howard, SC: Premedication with acetaminophen or diphenhydramine for transfusion with leucoreduced blood products in children.
Br.
J.
Haematol.
130,781– 787 (2005).
10.
1111/J.
1365-2141.
2005.
05670.
X.
6.
Kennedy, LAD, Case, LD, Hurd, DD, Cruz, JM, Pomper, GJ: A prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial of acetaminophen and diphenhydraminepretransfusion medication versus placebo for the prevention of transfusion reactions.
Transfusion.
48, 2285–2291 (2008).
10.
1111/J.
1537-2995.
2008.
01858.
X.
Click "read the original text", we will progress togetherMaddirala, SD, Geiger, TL, Pounds, S.
, Sandlund, JT, Ribeiro, RC, Pui, CH, Howard, SC: Premedication with acetaminophen or diphenhydramine for transfusion with leucoreduced blood products in children.
Br.
J.
Haematol.
130,781– 787 (2005).
10.
1111/J.
1365-2141.
2005.
05670.
X.
6.
Kennedy, LAD, Case, LD, Hurd, DD, Cruz, JM, Pomper, GJ: A prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial of acetaminophen and diphenhydraminepretransfusion medication versus placebo for the prevention of transfusion reactions.
Transfusion.
48, 2285–2291 (2008).
10.
1111/J.
1537-2995.
2008.
01858.
X.
Click "read the original text", we will progress together781–787 (2005).
10.
1111/J.
1365-2141.
2005.
05670.
X.
6.
Kennedy, LAD, Case, LD, Hurd, DD, Cruz, JM, Pomper, GJ: A prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial of acetaminophen and diphenhydraminepretransfusion medication versus placebo for the prevention of transfusion reactions.
Transfusion.
48, 2285–2291 (2008).
10.
1111/J.
1537-2995.
2008.
01858.
X.
Click "read the original text", we will progress together781–787 (2005).
10.
1111/J.
1365-2141.
2005.
05670.
X.
6.
Kennedy, LAD, Case, LD, Hurd, DD, Cruz, JM, Pomper, GJ: A prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial of acetaminophen and diphenhydraminepretransfusion medication versus placebo for the prevention of transfusion reactions.
Transfusion.
48, 2285–2291 (2008).
10.
1111/J.
1537-2995.
2008.
01858.
X.
Click "read the original text", we will progress together
Hospital
Nonhemolytic transfusion reactions are the most common transfusion reactions, including transfusion-related acute lung injury, transfusion-related circulatory overload, allergic reactions, febrile transfusion reactions, post-transfusion purpura, and graft-versus-host disease
.
Although fatal anaphylaxis is rare, non-fatal anaphylaxis is more common
.
The incidence of allergic reactions due to platelet transfusions is approximately 3.
7% [1], and the incidence of this reaction is likely to be underestimated due to the application of antiallergic drugs before platelet transfusions
.
As a large user of platelets in the hospital, today we will talk about the mechanism, inspection methods and prevention strategies of allergic blood transfusion reaction caused by platelet transfusion [2]
.
Mechanism of allergic blood transfusion reaction 1 Antigen-dependent pathway Plasma proteins as allergens IgA deficiency, haptoglobin deficiency [3], complement C3 deficiency, and vWF factor deficiency can cause allergic reactions during platelet transfusion
.
Food-borne allergens Food-borne allergens enter the blood circulation of blood donors, and sensitive blood recipients develop allergic reactions after receiving platelets containing food-borne allergens
.
This phenomenon occurs more frequently in recipients who are allergic to peanuts
.
2 Antigen-independent pathways The biological response regulators that are continuously produced during platelet storage, such as inflammatory factors, chemotactic cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor, and soluble CD40L, can be transfused into the recipient's body to induce allergic reactions
.
3 There is histamine releasing activity in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria due to the recipient's own factors
.
Histamine-releasing activity, which induces mast cell calcium influx, was also observed in recipients with anaphylactic reactions to platelet transfusions
.
4 Passive infusion of antibodies and passive sensitization of plasma antibodies Passive infusion of plasma antibodies from IgA-deficient blood donors have high titers of IgA antibodies.
After receiving platelets from IgA-deficient patients, allergic reactions will theoretically occur, but this type of allergy has not yet been seen.
reaction reports
.
This type of allergic reaction has also not been reported after receiving platelets from haptoglobin-deficient donors [4]
.
Allergic reactions due to passive infusion of plasma antibodies should be extremely rare
.
Passively sensitized IgE antibodies against specific foods and drugs enter the blood recipient as part of platelet transfusion products, and the recipient captures IgE antibodies through FcRs on the surface of mast cells and basophils
.
This process is called passive sensitization
.
Allergic reactions can occur when recipients eat or inhale similar antigens
.
Laboratory tests for allergic transfusion reactions Laboratory tests for allergic transfusion reactions mainly include plasma IgA, haptoglobin levels, IgG and IgE antibodies against IgA and haptoglobin, mast cell tryptase detection and basophilic Cell Activation Assay (BAT)
.
Mast cell tryptase is the most abundant secreted serine protease in mast cells, and its increased concentration represents mast cell activation and indicates the occurrence of hypersensitivity reactions
.
CD63 or CD203c molecules on the surface of basophils were detected by flow cytometry in BAT, and the new and increased expression of CD63 and/or CD203c predicted a higher incidence of allergic reactions to platelet transfusion
.
Prevention of allergic blood transfusion reactions Two retrospective studies [5,6] concluded that, compared with placebo, the application of the antihistamine diphenhydramine 30 minutes before platelet transfusion can prevent and reduce platelet transfusion-induced complications to a certain extent.
However, it is believed that diphenhydramine has a weak anti-allergic effect, and its exact ability to prevent allergic reactions needs to be further confirmed
.
Whether the application of stronger antiallergic drugs such as glucocorticoids before blood transfusion can prevent allergic reactions caused by platelet transfusion remains to be confirmed
.
Treatment of Allergic Transfusion Reactions Although pre-platelet transfusions are less effective in preventing allergic reactions, they are relatively easy to treat once they occur
.
Diphenhydramine can be used when urticaria occurs, and glucocorticoids such as methylprednisolone and prednisone can be used for more severe urticaria
.
In the event of more serious allergic reactions such as hypotension and shock, the patient's blood oxygen and blood pressure levels should be stabilized first, and then intramuscular or subcutaneous injection of epinephrine should be actively used
.
Reference sources: 1.
Hirayama, F.
: Current understanding of allergic transfusion reactions: Incidence, pathogenesis, laboratory tests, prevention and treatment.
Br.
J.
Haematol.
160, 434–444 (2013).
10.
1111/bjh.
12150.
2.
Delaney , M.
, Wendel, S.
, Bercovitz, RS, Cid, J.
, Cohn, C.
, Dunbar, NM, Apelseth, TO, Popovsky, M.
, Stanworth, SJ, Tinmouth, A.
, Van De Watering, L .
, Waters, JH, Yazer, M.
, Ziman, A.
: Transfusion reactions: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
Lancet.
388, 2825–2836 (2016).
10.
1016/S0140-6736(15)01313-6.
3.
Shimada , E.
, Tadokoro, K.
, Watanabe, Y.
, Ikeda, K.
, Niihara, H.
, Maeda, I.
, Isa, K.
, Moriya, S.
, Ashida, T.
, Mitsunaga, S.
, Nakajima , K.
, Juji, T.
: Anaphylactic transfusion reactions in haptoglobin-deficient patients with IgE and IgG haptoglobin antibodies.
Transfusion.
42, 766–773 (2002).
10.
1046/j.
1537-2995.
2002.
00117.
x.
4.
Thoren ,K.
L.
, Avecilla, S.
T.
, Klimek, V.
, Goss, C.
, Sloan, M.
, Cancer, K.
, Sloan, M.
, Cancer, K.
: transfusion reactions in haptoglobin-deficient patients.
60, 682–687 (2021).
10.
1111/trf.
15657.
A.
5.
Sanders, R.
P.
, Maddirala, S.
D.
, Geiger,T.
L.
, Pounds, S.
, Sandlund, J.
T.
, Ribeiro, R.
C.
, Pui, C.
H.
,Howard, S.
C.
: Premedication with acetaminophen or diphenhydramine fortransfusion with leucoreduced blood products in children.
Br.
J.
Haematol.
130,781–787 (2005).
10.
1111/J.
1365-2141.
2005.
05670.
X.
6.
Kennedy,L.
A.
D.
, Case, L.
D.
, Hurd, D.
D.
, Cruz, J.
M.
, Pomper, G.
J.
: A prospective,randomized, double-blind controlled trial of acetaminophen and diphenhydraminepretransfusion medication versus placebo for the prevention of transfusionreactions.
Transfusion.
48, 2285–2291 (2008).
10.
1111/J.
1537-2995.
2008.
01858.
X.
“”，V.
, Goss, C.
, Sloan, M.
, Cancer, K.
, Sloan, M.
, Cancer, K.
: transfusion reactions in haptoglobin-deficient patients.
60, 682–687 (2021).
10.
1111/trf.
15657 .
A.
5.
Sanders, RP, Maddirala, SD, Geiger, TL, Pounds, S.
, Sandlund, JT, Ribeiro, RC, Pui, CH, Howard, SC: Premedication with acetaminophen or diphenhydramine for transfusion with leucoreduced blood products in children Br.
J.
Haematol.
130,781–787 (2005).
10.
1111/J.
1365-2141.
2005.
05670.
X.
6.
Kennedy,LAD, Case, LD, Hurd, DD, Cruz, JM, Pomper, GJ: A prospective ,randomized, double-blind controlled trial of acetaminophen and diphenhydraminepretransfusion medication versus placebo for the prevention of transfusion reactions.
Transfusion.
48, 2285–2291 (2008).
10.
1111/J.
1537-2995.
2008.
01858.
X.
we progress togetherV.
, Goss, C.
, Sloan, M.
, Cancer, K.
, Sloan, M.
, Cancer, K.
: transfusion reactions in haptoglobin-deficient patients.
60, 682–687 (2021).
10.
1111/trf.
15657 .
A.
5.
Sanders, RP, Maddirala, SD, Geiger, TL, Pounds, S.
, Sandlund, JT, Ribeiro, RC, Pui, CH, Howard, SC: Premedication with acetaminophen or diphenhydramine for transfusion with leucoreduced blood products in children Br.
J.
Haematol.
130,781–787 (2005).
10.
1111/J.
1365-2141.
2005.
05670.
X.
6.
Kennedy,LAD, Case, LD, Hurd, DD, Cruz, JM, Pomper, GJ: A prospective ,randomized, double-blind controlled trial of acetaminophen and diphenhydraminepretransfusion medication versus placebo for the prevention of transfusion reactions.
Transfusion.
48, 2285–2291 (2008).
10.
1111/J.
1537-2995.
2008.
01858.
X.
we progress together: transfusion reactions in haptoglobin-deficient patients.
60, 682–687 (2021).
10.
1111/trf.
15657.
A.
5.
Sanders, RP, Maddirala, SD, Geiger, TL, Pounds, S.
, Sandlund, JT, Ribeiro , RC, Pui, CH,Howard, SC: Premedication with acetaminophen or diphenhydramine for transfusion with leucoreduced blood products in children.
Br.
J.
Haematol.
130,781–787 (2005).
10.
1111/J.
1365-2141.
2005.
05670.
X.
6 .
Kennedy, LAD, Case, LD, Hurd, DD, Cruz, JM, Pomper, GJ: A prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial of acetaminophen and diphenhydraminepretransfusion medication versus placebo for the prevention of transfusion reactions.
Transfusion.
48, 2285– 2291 (2008).
10.
1111/J.
1537-2995.
2008.
01858.
X.
Click "Read the original text", let's make progress together: transfusion reactions in haptoglobin-deficient patients.
60, 682–687 (2021).
10.
1111/trf.
15657.
A.
5.
Sanders, RP, Maddirala, SD, Geiger, TL, Pounds, S.
, Sandlund, JT, Ribeiro , RC, Pui, CH,Howard, SC: Premedication with acetaminophen or diphenhydramine for transfusion with leucoreduced blood products in children.
Br.
J.
Haematol.
130,781–787 (2005).
10.
1111/J.
1365-2141.
2005.
05670.
X.
6 .
Kennedy, LAD, Case, LD, Hurd, DD, Cruz, JM, Pomper, GJ: A prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial of acetaminophen and diphenhydraminepretransfusion medication versus placebo for the prevention of transfusion reactions.
Transfusion.
48, 2285– 2291 (2008).
10.
1111/J.
1537-2995.
2008.
01858.
X.
Click "Read the original text", let's make progress togetherMaddirala, SD, Geiger, TL, Pounds, S.
, Sandlund, JT, Ribeiro, RC, Pui, CH, Howard, SC: Premedication with acetaminophen or diphenhydramine for transfusion with leucoreduced blood products in children.
Br.
J.
Haematol.
130,781– 787 (2005).
10.
1111/J.
1365-2141.
2005.
05670.
X.
6.
Kennedy, LAD, Case, LD, Hurd, DD, Cruz, JM, Pomper, GJ: A prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial of acetaminophen and diphenhydraminepretransfusion medication versus placebo for the prevention of transfusion reactions.
Transfusion.
48, 2285–2291 (2008).
10.
1111/J.
1537-2995.
2008.
01858.
X.
Click "read the original text", we will progress togetherMaddirala, SD, Geiger, TL, Pounds, S.
, Sandlund, JT, Ribeiro, RC, Pui, CH, Howard, SC: Premedication with acetaminophen or diphenhydramine for transfusion with leucoreduced blood products in children.
Br.
J.
Haematol.
130,781– 787 (2005).
10.
1111/J.
1365-2141.
2005.
05670.
X.
6.
Kennedy, LAD, Case, LD, Hurd, DD, Cruz, JM, Pomper, GJ: A prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial of acetaminophen and diphenhydraminepretransfusion medication versus placebo for the prevention of transfusion reactions.
Transfusion.
48, 2285–2291 (2008).
10.
1111/J.
1537-2995.
2008.
01858.
X.
Click "read the original text", we will progress together781–787 (2005).
10.
1111/J.
1365-2141.
2005.
05670.
X.
6.
Kennedy, LAD, Case, LD, Hurd, DD, Cruz, JM, Pomper, GJ: A prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial of acetaminophen and diphenhydraminepretransfusion medication versus placebo for the prevention of transfusion reactions.
Transfusion.
48, 2285–2291 (2008).
10.
1111/J.
1537-2995.
2008.
01858.
X.
Click "read the original text", we will progress together781–787 (2005).
10.
1111/J.
1365-2141.
2005.
05670.
X.
6.
Kennedy, LAD, Case, LD, Hurd, DD, Cruz, JM, Pomper, GJ: A prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial of acetaminophen and diphenhydraminepretransfusion medication versus placebo for the prevention of transfusion reactions.
Transfusion.
48, 2285–2291 (2008).
10.
1111/J.
1537-2995.
2008.
01858.
X.
Click "read the original text", we will progress together
