Plant Com reviews a variety of disease-causing ways of fungal and intracellular-effect proteins.

Professor Paul birch of Dundee University / James Hatton Institute published the title "all roads lead to feasibility: the many modes of action of fungal and oomycete intracellular" in plant communications In this review, we summarized and discussed the research progress of intracellular effector proteins and their target interactions in oomycetes and fungi, and proposed the important research directions in the future.pathogens inhibit the immune response of plants through effector proteins, which is the key to successful infection.the interaction between pathogen effector protein and host plant is one of the hot research fields in plant immunology in recent ten years.in recent years, great progress has been made in the identification of intracellular effector proteins and their plant targets in oomycetes and fungi.in this paper, 71 effector proteins and plant targets reported recently in oomycetes, fungi and symbionts were analyzed, and the multiple action modes of effector proteins in pathogenicity were summarized and discussed. Br / > and the regulation of transcription and transport of.they inhibit different immune responses of plants by inhibiting or utilizing the activity of plant targets, changing their cellular localization or destroying the formation of target and other protein complexes (Fig. 1).this analysis shows that the plant targets of intracellular effector proteins of oomycetes and fungi and other pathogens (such as bacteria) have something in common.most effector proteins are plant immune positive regulatory factors, but more and more studies have found that some targets are the natural negative regulatory factors of plant immune system; different pathogenic organisms can target the same or the same plant targets; some effector proteins can target multiple immune signal pathways of plants. At the end of this paper, the future research of pathogen effector proteins and plant targets is prospected, which provides valuable information and concepts for the research of plant pathogen interaction in various fields.