PNAS: Obesity, diabetes is "girls and boys"! When neurons are damaged, female metabolism is abnormal and male is fine.

Sugars, fats, and proteins are the main sources of energy that sustain our lives, and the body's intake and use of these substances is a complex and sophisticated process.
errors in this process can lead to metabolic imbalances in the body that could eventually lead to diseases such as obesity or diabetes.
The intra-abdominal heotygen (VMH) plays a major role in glucose/lipid stabilization, and in mammalian VMH neurons that sense metabolic stability, such as steroid-producing factor 1 (SF1) neurons, regulate glucose and blood lipid levels.
previous studies of Doi: 10.1111/dom.12346 have found higher concentrations of estrogen receptors in VMH.
, does this mean that estrogen plays a more important role in regulating certain metabolisms? Recently, an article published in PNAS called "Essential sex-specific effects of mGluR5 in ventromedial hypothalamus regulation estrogen signaling and glucose balance" revealed for the first time that in the absence of glutamate receptacle 5 sub-type (mGluR5), the activity of SF1 neurons in female mice is disrupted and the protective effect of estrogen on glucose metabolism can be reversed.
Doi:10.1073/pnas.2011228117 In addition, the researchers speculate that this reverse effect of estrogen on glucose metabolism may explain why post-menopoly women are more likely to have insulin resistance and an increased risk of diabetes.
neurons present in the inner heotlyst of the abdomen (VMH) that change structure and function in a stress (external/internal stimulation) state.
Metabolic glucine receptacle 5 subtope (mGluR5) play an important role in regulating the connection between neurons and neurons, and mGluR5's function in certain areas of the brain is regulated by brain-based neurotrophic factor (BDNF).
Previous studies have found that decreased excitability of neurons causes over-eating, glucose intolerance, and obesity in mice with female BDNF2L/2LCk cre mutants (BDNF deficiency causes damage to the center).
and mGluR5 is so important to neurons, what are the consequences of the absence of mGluR5? First, the researchers used male and female BDNF2L/2LCk cre mutant mice for the relevant experiments, and found that the expression of mGluR5 in these mutant mice decreased.
when the researchers used gene editing to knock out mGluR5, they observed an abnormal reversal of normal glucose/lipid levels in female mice.
most surprising of all, abnormal glucose/lipid metabolism occurred only in female mice.
metabolism of glucose/lipids in male mice missing mGluR5 remained normal.
the lack of mGluR5 in VMH only causes abnormal blood sugar in women, what is the reason for this phenomenon of "son-in-law"? Next, the team looked at hormones in the serum of female and male BDNF2L/2LCk cre mutant mice and found that levels of nodepine in the serum of female mutants decreased significantly, but there was no effect in male mutants, suggesting that reduced intersysitone nerve tension caused this "gender difference."
the effect of estrogen on blood sugar in female mutants without mGluR5, the team further examined the relationship between the discharge rate of neurons and blood metabolism, and found that, with or without mGluR5, estrogen was associated with S The effects of F1 neuron activity and blood sugar metabolism are significantly different, without this glutamate receptacle, estrogen inhibits SF1 neuron activity, and the regulation of blood sugar will change from normal to abnormal, and these changes are not observed in male mutants.
Estrogen affects the discharge rate and excitability of SF1 neurons while androgens are not, and the study found that glutamate receptacle 5 (mGluR5) is essential for estrogen-regulated estrogen levels, and does not appear to have any effect on males and females, which will help us better understand the reasons for the different risks of diabetes or other diseases in men and women over their lifetimes.
Moreover, since estrogen play an important role in regulating a woman's blood sugar/lipid metabolism, can a woman properly add natural estrogens (such as estrogen in plants) after menoopone to maintain certain metabolic stability? This will all be worth asking us to think further about these issues.
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