Professor Luo Xuequn: The genetic abnormalities of acute myeloid leukemia and their significance

Foreword September 25-26, 2021, co-sponsored by the Pediatric Oncology Committee of the Guangdong Anti-Cancer Association and the Pediatric Oncology Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, and organized by the Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center The meeting will be held in Guangzhou by a combination of online and offline
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Many experts and scholars in the field of oncology gathered to discuss the treatment and development of childhood tumors
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During the conference, Yimaitong invited Professor Luo Xuequn from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University to share the genetic abnormalities of acute myeloid leukemia and their significance
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Expert Profile Professor Luo Xuequn, Chief Physician, Doctoral Supervisor, Director of Pediatric Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Member of the Oncology Group of the Pediatric Branch of the Chinese Medical Association Chairman of the Pediatric Oncology Committee of the Guangdong Anti-Cancer Association Executive Director of the Guangdong Thalassemia Prevention Association Member of the Pediatric Branch of the Guangdong Medical Association, Deputy Leader of the Hematology Group, Rarely in the Guangdong Medical Association Yi Maitong, member of the Standing Committee of SIOP (International Society of Childhood Cancer), member of "Chinese Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Tumor": Could you please introduce the current status of the treatment of children with AML, and what difficulties still exist in the treatment of children with AML? Professor Luo Xuequn: The treatment of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is different from that of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
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First, the prognosis of AML is relatively poor; second, the treatment intensity of AML is higher, and there are more complications.
It can also be considered that the treatment-related mortality and recurrence rate of AML is higher than that of ALL; third, patients who require transplantation for AML The higher the proportion, correspondingly, patients will have more complications and have to bear higher treatment costs
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So the current treatment of children with AML needs to be improved
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Yimaitong: Could you please tell us what breakthroughs have been made in the current research on gene mutations in children with AML? Professor Luo Xuequn: In addition to chemotherapy and transplantation therapy, mutation gene targeted therapy is also one of the treatment methods for AML
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In addition, the study of leukemia genes can also provide a basis for the classification and prognosis of leukemia.
Some mutant genes can be used to monitor minimal residual leukemia after treatment and help doctors evaluate treatment response
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In the past ten years, genetic research and diagnosis have continued to advance.
Mutant genes such as FLT3-ITD are related to the occurrence and progression of AML.
Other mutant genes such as RUNX1 and TP53 also indicate poor prognosis
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For mutant genes, gene-targeted drug therapy can be performed, and drugs for FLT3-ITD are now on the market, which can help improve the prognosis of the disease
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Yimaitong: What are the changes in the treatment of children with AML that the related research progress of AML gene mutations in children is expected to bring? Professor Luo Xuequn: The current research direction of gene therapy is mainly for refractory myeloid leukemia
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On the basis of chemotherapy, gene-targeted therapy can enable patients to achieve clinical leukemia remission, and then transplantation can achieve better curative effects
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However, there are fewer cases of AML in children than in adults, and the research is more difficult, so the gene therapy of AML in children needs further research
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Looking forward to more targeted therapies in the near future
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