The higher the "good cholesterol", the better? Naive!

fitnessgenes

fitnessgenes

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（IMIM）CIBER（CIBERCV），CIBER（CIBEROBN）CIBER（CIBERESP），，《，》（Metabolism, Clinical and Experimental）。

（IMIM）CIBER（CIBERCV），CIBER（CIBEROBN）CIBER（CIBERESP），，《，》（Metabolism, Clinical and Experimental）。High-density lipoprotein characteristics and coronary artery disease: a Mendelian randomization study.

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，HDL，HDL。HDL（，）CAD，HDL-CCAD。

The conclusion is that the genetic characteristics related to the production of large HDL particles are directly related to the high risk of heart attack, while the genetic characteristics related to small HDL particles are related to the lower risk of heart attack.

The study’s lead author, Albert Prats, an epidemiology and cardiovascular genetics researcher at the IMIM Hospital of Del Mar, concluded: “This study highlights new developments in the field of cardiovascular disease.

Due to the complex composition of HDL, the current detection of cholesterol content in HDL is mostly used, that is, the level of HDL-C is used to replace HDL.

As early as 1966, American scientist Dr.

However, it is not clear whether it is the concentration of HDL-C itself or other characteristics of HDL, such as the number of particles, or other lipids and proteins in HDL, that affect the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol is considered the so-called "good cholesterol", mainly based on epidemiological studies.

The results showed that after correcting for traditional risk factors, HDL-C increased by 1 standard deviation (15 mg/dl), and the risk of coronary heart disease death was reduced by 22%.

At the same time, many previous studies have shown that there is an inverse relationship between a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and an increased risk of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction.

At the same time, many previous studies have shown that there is an inverse relationship between a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and an increased risk of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction.

It is almost recognized that HDL is good cholesterol, but this view has been challenged in recent years.

So far, several drugs that raise HDL-C have not shown a hard endpoint benefit.

For example, two studies in Copenhagen enrolled more than 100,000 people and found that women with HDL-C> 97 mg/dl and men> 135 mg/dL had a significant increase in all-cause mortality.
It was found that HDL-C> 97 mg/dl Women and men> 135 mg/dL have a significant increase in all-cause mortality ; a Canadian study included more than 630,000 people, and the results showed that men with HDL-C> 70 mg/dl and women> 90 mg/dL were non-cardiovascular Increased risk of death.
Men with HDL-C>70 mg/dL and women with HDL-C>90 mg/dL have an increased risk of non-cardiovascular death.

The results of a study announced at the ESC2018 annual meeting further support the results of previous studies.
The higher the HDL-C, the better.
Studies have shown that compared with those with HDL-C levels of 41-60 mg/dL, people with HDL-C levels higher than 60 mg/dL have a nearly 50% increased risk of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and myocardial infarction .

The results of a study announced at the ESC2018 annual meeting further support the results of previous studies.
The higher the HDL-C, the better.
Studies have shown that compared with those with HDL-C levels of 41-60 mg/dL, people with HDL-C levels higher than 60 mg/dL have a nearly 50% increased risk of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and myocardial infarction .
Myocardial infarction

The study included 5,965 participants, most of whom had cardiovascular diseases.
The participants were stratified according to HDL-C levels: <30 mg/dL, 31-40 mg/dL, 41-50 mg/dL, 51 ~60 mg/dL and ≥ 60 mg/dL.
The median follow-up time was 3.
9 years, during which 769 cases (13%) of cardiovascular death or non-fatal myocardial infarction occurred.

The study included 5,965 participants, most of whom had cardiovascular diseases.
The participants were stratified according to HDL-C levels: <30 mg/dL, 31-40 mg/dL, 41-50 mg/dL, 51 ~60 mg/dL and ≥ 60 mg/dL.
The median follow-up time was 3.
9 years, during which 769 cases (13%) of cardiovascular death or non-fatal myocardial infarction occurred.

The results found that there is a U-shaped curve relationship between HDL-C and mortality and myocardial infarction risk ; compared with HDL-C 51～60 mg/dL group, HDL-C <30 mg/dL all-cause death, cardiovascular The risk of death and non-fatal myocardial infarction is increased (n = 825; HR = 1.
62), and the risk of all-cause death, cardiovascular death and non-fatal myocardial infarction is increased in people with HDL-C≥60 mg/dL (n = 570; HR = 1.
44).
After adjusting for age, race, gender, BMI, LDL level, smoking status, use of lipid-lowering drugs, and history of heart failure and diabetes , this trend still exists.

The results showed that there is a U-shaped curve relationship between HDL-C and mortality and myocardial infarction risk.
HDL-C has a U-shaped curve relationship with mortality and myocardial infarction risk ; it is similar to the HDL-C 51～60 mg/dL group.
Compared with HDL-C<30 mg/dL, the risk of all-cause death, cardiovascular death and non-fatal myocardial infarction is increased (n = 825; HR = 1.
62), and those with HDL-C≥60 mg/dL are all-cause death, The risk of cardiovascular death and non-fatal myocardial infarction is increased (n = 570; HR = 1.
44).
After adjusting for age, race, gender, BMI, LDL level, smoking status, use of lipid-lowering drugs, and history of heart failure and diabetes , this trend still exists.
Heart failure diabetes

The relationship between HDL-C and cardiovascular death/myocardial infarction.
HDL cholesterol — A moving target.
Elevated HDL-C is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
https://esc365.
escardio.
org/Congress/ESC-Congress-2018/HDL-cholesterol-A-moving-target/174943-elevated- hdl-c-is-associated-with-adverse-cardiovascular-outcomes

The relationship between HDL-C and cardiovascular death/myocardial infarction.
HDL cholesterol — A moving target.
Elevated HDL-C is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
https://esc365.
escardio.
org/Congress/ESC-Congress-2018/HDL-cholesterol-A-moving-target/174943-elevated- hdl-c-is-associated-with-adverse-cardiovascular-outcomes

The biological effects of HDL-C in cardiovascular diseases are very complicated.
The current guideline's attitude towards HDL-C is: low HDL-C can be used as a risk factor for ASCVD risk assessment, but drug treatment for low HDL-C is not recommended.

The biological effects of HDL-C in cardiovascular diseases are very complicated.
The current guideline's attitude towards HDL-C is: low HDL-C can be used as a risk factor for ASCVD risk assessment, but drug treatment for low HDL-C is not recommended.

Perhaps in the near future, the basic and clinical research on HDL-C can further deepen our understanding of HDL-C, and it is possible that HDL-C will become the next target of blood lipid drug intervention.

Perhaps in the near future, the basic and clinical research on HDL-C can further deepen our understanding of HDL-C, and it is possible that HDL-C will become the next target of blood lipid drug intervention.

In 2018, the American Heart Association Scientific Conference (AHA 2018) released a new version of cholesterol management guidelines, which emphasized more individualized risk assessment and new types of cholesterol-lowering for high-risk groups of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) Choice of drugs.

In 2018, the American Heart Association Scientific Conference (AHA 2018) released a new version of cholesterol management guidelines, which emphasized more individualized risk assessment and new types of cholesterol-lowering for high-risk groups of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) Choice of drugs.
management

In particular, the guidelines emphasize that all people should maintain a healthy lifestyle that is beneficial to the cardiovascular system throughout their lives.
A healthy lifestyle helps reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in all age groups.
Here are some suggestions on how to maintain a healthy lifestyle:

In particular, the guidelines emphasize that all people should maintain a healthy lifestyle that is beneficial to the cardiovascular system throughout their lives.
A healthy lifestyle helps reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in all age groups.
Here are some suggestions on how to maintain a healthy lifestyle:

1.
Control your intake

1.
Control your intake 1.
Control your intake

To maintain normal metabolism, first control the amount of cholesterol intake from food to reduce the burden on metabolic organs.
Eat less fine carbohydrates, such as polished rice and noodles; control saturated fat intake, such as coconut oil and palm oil in snacks, including poultry such as beef, sheep and pig; eat less non-dairy creamer, such as instant coffee, beverages, etc.
.

To maintain normal metabolism, first control the amount of cholesterol intake from food to reduce the burden on metabolic organs.
Eat less fine carbohydrates, such as polished rice and noodles; control saturated fat intake, such as coconut oil and palm oil in snacks, including poultry such as beef, sheep and pig; eat less non-dairy creamer, such as instant coffee, beverages, etc.
.

2.
Reduce cholesterol absorption

2.
Reduce cholesterol absorption 2.
Reduce cholesterol absorption

① Soluble dietary fiber, including oats, brown rice, beans, etc.
, can help reduce cholesterol absorption;

① Soluble dietary fiber, including oats, brown rice, beans, etc.
, can help reduce cholesterol absorption;

② Phytosterols, which are rich in wheat germ, wheat bran, peanuts, almonds, etc.
, also help reduce cholesterol absorption;

② Phytosterols, which are rich in wheat germ, wheat bran, peanuts, almonds, etc.
, also help reduce cholesterol absorption;

③ Combine aerobic exercise and resistance training, and maintain at least three times a week for more than 30 minutes of exercise to increase the body's metabolism and reduce the amount of absorption.

③ Combine aerobic exercise and resistance training, and maintain at least three times a week for more than 30 minutes of exercise to increase the body's metabolism and reduce the amount of absorption.

3.
Protect the liver

3.
Protect the liver 3.
Protect the liver

Cholesterol is mainly converted into bile acid in the liver.
Therefore, to maintain normal cholesterol metabolism, normal liver function is very important.

Cholesterol is mainly converted into bile acid in the liver.
Therefore, to maintain normal cholesterol metabolism, normal liver function is very important.

Daily liver injury behaviors, such as staying up late, smoking, drinking alcohol, and taking drugs indiscriminately, should be avoided as much as possible; at the same time, more high-quality protein-rich foods such as eggs, milk, fish, sesame, etc.
should be added to the diet to promote liver cell regeneration .

Daily liver injury behaviors, such as staying up late, smoking, drinking alcohol, and taking drugs indiscriminately, should be avoided as much as possible; at the same time, more high-quality protein-rich foods such as eggs, milk, fish, sesame, etc.
should be added to the diet to promote liver cell regeneration .

4.
Intestinal probiotics

4.
Intestinal probiotics 4.
Intestinal probiotics

Whether it is cholesterol synthesized by the liver or cholesterol ingested from food, it needs to be absorbed through the small intestine, so intestinal health is also very important for the excretion of cholesterol.
The higher the proportion of probiotics in the human intestine, the more vigorous the intestine.

Whether it is cholesterol synthesized by the liver or cholesterol ingested from food, it needs to be absorbed through the small intestine, so intestinal health is also very important for the excretion of cholesterol.
The higher the proportion of probiotics in the human intestine, the more vigorous the intestine.

Yogurt, cheese and its products, kimchi, tempeh and other fermented foods all contain probiotics, which can be appropriately increased in the daily diet; supplement prebiotics, common oligofructose, oligoisomaltose, oligosaccharides and other substances, it is Probiotic foods can stimulate the growth of probiotics in the intestines.

Yogurt, cheese and its products, kimchi, tempeh and other fermented foods all contain probiotics, which can be appropriately increased in the daily diet; supplement prebiotics, common oligofructose, oligoisomaltose, oligosaccharides and other substances, it is Probiotic foods can stimulate the growth of probiotics in the intestines.

In short, whether it is good blood lipids or not, the right amount is "good blood lipids"!

In short, whether it is good blood lipids or not, the right amount is "good blood lipids"! In short, whether it is good blood lipids or not, the right amount is "good blood lipids"!

Source: Metz Medical Comprehensive Report

Source: Metz Medical Comprehensive Report Source: Metz Medical Comprehensive Report Source: Metz Medical Comprehensive ReportLeave a message here