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Abstract: Early cancer screening and timely treatment are the most effective ways to improve the survival rate of patients
.
The Moores Cancer Center research team has discovered a new screening method that can quickly and accurately detect early-stage pancreatic cancer, which may become an early screening method for high-potential cancers and improve the five-year survival rate
.
In recent years, cancer has become one of the main factors that seriously threaten human health
.
In the past 10 years, the incidence and death of malignant tumors in China have shown a continuous upward trend, maintaining an annual increase of about 3.
9% and 2.
5%
.
Most cancer patients, especially those with no obvious symptoms in the early stage, are often diagnosed in the middle and late stages.
Once they metastasize or spread, it will not only be more difficult to treat, but also the burden of treatment is unbearable
.
Of all cancers, pancreatic cancer is often difficult to detect at an early stage, and surgical resection is the only feasible treatment
.
Therefore, pancreatic cancer has the lowest five-year relative survival rate, and both morbidity and mortality are increasing year by year
.
In 2021, the global five-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer will achieve a new breakthrough, but it will only reach 10.
8%
.
If there are practical means for early cancer screening, the five-year survival rate will be greatly improved
.
Recently, a research team from Moores Cancer Center found that the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) biomarkers can detect 95.
5% of stage I pancreatic cancers.
If this technology is verified in the future, it will provide early screening and early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
Provide new methods
.
Now, the team has published preliminary findings in Nature Communications Medicine
.
Figure 1 Research results (Source: [2]) Early studies have shown that a potential approach for early detection of cancer is the use of EVs biomarkers
.
EVs contain tumor proteins, which are released by cancer cells into the blood circulation as part of an intercellular communication network, and the likelihood of malignancy is predicted by AI protein signature analysis
.
To explore the feasibility of this approach, the researchers developed an EVs-based blood biomarker classifier based on EVs protein profiles for the detection of stage I and II pancreatic, ovarian, and bladder cancers
.
The researchers studied 139 patients with stage 1 and 2 cancer and a control group (184), all of whom were treatment-naive when their blood was drawn
.
EVs were purified from plasma using the Alternating Current Electrokinetics (ACE) (Verita™ System) platform, followed by differential ultracentrifugation to isolate EVs, protein contamination, protein biomarkers, and other analytical studies
.
Fig.
2 Characteristics of EVs isolated by VeritaTM and differential ultracentrifugation (Source: [2]) The results showed that the sensitivity of the two early stages [I: 70.
5%, II: 72.
5%] was similar
.
The detection rate of stage I pancreatic cancer reached 95.
5%
.
In addition, 74.
4% of stage I ovarian cancers, 73.
1% of pathological stage IA malignant serous ovarian adenocarcinomas, and 43.
8% of bladder cancers were detected, all with over 99% specificity
.
Taken together, the results suggest that EV proteins may detect early-stage cancer with screening-related sensitivity
.
Figure 3 Staging sensitivity of EVs protein biomarkers for detection of three cancers (source: [2]) Dr.
Scott M.
Lippman, director of the Moores Cancer Center and co-senior author of the paper, said: "Liquid biopsy has important applications in cancer treatment monitoring and Recurrence of disease has shown good results, but when used for early disease screening, it can cause harm to otherwise healthy people
.
New screening technology shows great promise in early pancreatic cancer detection, in the detection of early stage cancer It is five times more accurate than the current liquid biopsy multi-cancer detection method
.
" EVs-based multi-cancer detection has potential clinical value for early cancer detection, and more research is needed to further verify in the future
.
The market for early cancer screening is vast, and raising awareness is the key.
The potential value of early cancer screening has been proven.
Screening methods have transitioned from traditional methods, such as imaging tests and marker biopsies, to a new generation of liquid biopsies.
However, there are still many problem
.
At present, there are still many cancer types that lack effective screening methods.
Only breast cancer, cervical cancer, and colorectal cancer have recommended screening methods.
However, there are also certain shortcomings
.
Table 1 Information sources of traditional screening methods vs.
new screening methods: Compiled from public information｜Table: Biodiscovery editorial team Early cancer screening has a broad market, but it is still in the early stage of exploration
.
Early screening of single cancer species is approved in the form of a clinical laboratory self-built project (Laboratory Developed Test, LDT), and prospective studies are being carried out to obtain clinical data and apply for an in vitro diagnostic registration certificate
.
Rectal cancer and liver cancer are the two most commercialized cancer types in the market, and they are also the areas with the largest number of companies.
Early screening for colorectal cancer mainly includes Cologuard from Exact Sciences in the United States, “Chang Weiqing” from Novi Health, and “Chang Liming” from Conliming Bio.
Approved products such as “Chang Anxin”, early screening for liver cancer mainly include “Laisining” from Herui Gene and “HCCscreen” from Genetron Health
.
The clinical data for early screening of multiple cancer species is not yet abundant, and it is still in the early stage of research and development, and there is no commercial product yet
.
Table 2 Products of early cancer screening at home and abroad (incomplete statistics) Source of information: Compiled according to public information | Tabulation: Editing team of Biodiscovery The development of early cancer screening is very slow
.
Early screening technology is mainly based on fluorescence quantitative PCR technology and high-throughput sequencing technology (Next Generation Sequencing, NGS).
The concentration of early tumor markers may be very low, and the accuracy of NGS sequencing is only 1/1,000.
There is a risk of false positives if the detection sensitivity is further increased
.
Although there are many products on the market, they are not perfect from a technical point of view
.
In terms of awareness, the awareness of early cancer screening in China is relatively low.
Screening awareness needs to be improved urgently
.
Figure 4 High-risk groups (Information source: Compiled from public information | Drawing: Bioexploration editorial team) Experts in relevant fields in China have been making every effort to improve and improve the mechanism of tumor screening, popularize and promote more, and improve people's awareness of screening
.
During the Two Sessions in 2022, several members suggested to establish an interconnection mechanism between the local cancer screening information platform and the national cancer screening platform, so as to strengthen the service capacity of early diagnosis and early treatment of cancer at the grassroots level
.
But the most important thing is still cancer screening technology.
The existing technology has shortcomings.
We look forward to discovering more reliable and perfect technology in the future to promote the development of early cancer screening and effectively maintain human health
.
Source of the title map: CNN International Edition, only for academic exchanges
.
Written | Qingyao Typesetting | Luna End Reference: [1]http:// JP, Kurzrock, R.
, Lewis, JM et al.
Early-stage multi-cancer detection using an extracellular vesicle protein-based blood test.
Commun Med 2, 29 (2022).
https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s43856-022-00088-6.
[3]https://medicalxpress.
com/news /2022-03-screening-tool-ids-stage-pancreatic.
html
.
The Moores Cancer Center research team has discovered a new screening method that can quickly and accurately detect early-stage pancreatic cancer, which may become an early screening method for high-potential cancers and improve the five-year survival rate
.
In recent years, cancer has become one of the main factors that seriously threaten human health
.
In the past 10 years, the incidence and death of malignant tumors in China have shown a continuous upward trend, maintaining an annual increase of about 3.
9% and 2.
5%
.
Most cancer patients, especially those with no obvious symptoms in the early stage, are often diagnosed in the middle and late stages.
Once they metastasize or spread, it will not only be more difficult to treat, but also the burden of treatment is unbearable
.
Of all cancers, pancreatic cancer is often difficult to detect at an early stage, and surgical resection is the only feasible treatment
.
Therefore, pancreatic cancer has the lowest five-year relative survival rate, and both morbidity and mortality are increasing year by year
.
In 2021, the global five-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer will achieve a new breakthrough, but it will only reach 10.
8%
.
If there are practical means for early cancer screening, the five-year survival rate will be greatly improved
.
Recently, a research team from Moores Cancer Center found that the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) biomarkers can detect 95.
5% of stage I pancreatic cancers.
If this technology is verified in the future, it will provide early screening and early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
Provide new methods
.
Now, the team has published preliminary findings in Nature Communications Medicine
.
Figure 1 Research results (Source: [2]) Early studies have shown that a potential approach for early detection of cancer is the use of EVs biomarkers
.
EVs contain tumor proteins, which are released by cancer cells into the blood circulation as part of an intercellular communication network, and the likelihood of malignancy is predicted by AI protein signature analysis
.
To explore the feasibility of this approach, the researchers developed an EVs-based blood biomarker classifier based on EVs protein profiles for the detection of stage I and II pancreatic, ovarian, and bladder cancers
.
The researchers studied 139 patients with stage 1 and 2 cancer and a control group (184), all of whom were treatment-naive when their blood was drawn
.
EVs were purified from plasma using the Alternating Current Electrokinetics (ACE) (Verita™ System) platform, followed by differential ultracentrifugation to isolate EVs, protein contamination, protein biomarkers, and other analytical studies
.
Fig.
2 Characteristics of EVs isolated by VeritaTM and differential ultracentrifugation (Source: [2]) The results showed that the sensitivity of the two early stages [I: 70.
5%, II: 72.
5%] was similar
.
The detection rate of stage I pancreatic cancer reached 95.
5%
.
In addition, 74.
4% of stage I ovarian cancers, 73.
1% of pathological stage IA malignant serous ovarian adenocarcinomas, and 43.
8% of bladder cancers were detected, all with over 99% specificity
.
Taken together, the results suggest that EV proteins may detect early-stage cancer with screening-related sensitivity
.
Figure 3 Staging sensitivity of EVs protein biomarkers for detection of three cancers (source: [2]) Dr.
Scott M.
Lippman, director of the Moores Cancer Center and co-senior author of the paper, said: "Liquid biopsy has important applications in cancer treatment monitoring and Recurrence of disease has shown good results, but when used for early disease screening, it can cause harm to otherwise healthy people
.
New screening technology shows great promise in early pancreatic cancer detection, in the detection of early stage cancer It is five times more accurate than the current liquid biopsy multi-cancer detection method
.
" EVs-based multi-cancer detection has potential clinical value for early cancer detection, and more research is needed to further verify in the future
.
The market for early cancer screening is vast, and raising awareness is the key.
The potential value of early cancer screening has been proven.
Screening methods have transitioned from traditional methods, such as imaging tests and marker biopsies, to a new generation of liquid biopsies.
However, there are still many problem
.
At present, there are still many cancer types that lack effective screening methods.
Only breast cancer, cervical cancer, and colorectal cancer have recommended screening methods.
However, there are also certain shortcomings
.
Table 1 Information sources of traditional screening methods vs.
new screening methods: Compiled from public information｜Table: Biodiscovery editorial team Early cancer screening has a broad market, but it is still in the early stage of exploration
.
Early screening of single cancer species is approved in the form of a clinical laboratory self-built project (Laboratory Developed Test, LDT), and prospective studies are being carried out to obtain clinical data and apply for an in vitro diagnostic registration certificate
.
Rectal cancer and liver cancer are the two most commercialized cancer types in the market, and they are also the areas with the largest number of companies.
Early screening for colorectal cancer mainly includes Cologuard from Exact Sciences in the United States, “Chang Weiqing” from Novi Health, and “Chang Liming” from Conliming Bio.
Approved products such as “Chang Anxin”, early screening for liver cancer mainly include “Laisining” from Herui Gene and “HCCscreen” from Genetron Health
.
The clinical data for early screening of multiple cancer species is not yet abundant, and it is still in the early stage of research and development, and there is no commercial product yet
.
Table 2 Products of early cancer screening at home and abroad (incomplete statistics) Source of information: Compiled according to public information | Tabulation: Editing team of Biodiscovery The development of early cancer screening is very slow
.
Early screening technology is mainly based on fluorescence quantitative PCR technology and high-throughput sequencing technology (Next Generation Sequencing, NGS).
The concentration of early tumor markers may be very low, and the accuracy of NGS sequencing is only 1/1,000.
There is a risk of false positives if the detection sensitivity is further increased
.
Although there are many products on the market, they are not perfect from a technical point of view
.
In terms of awareness, the awareness of early cancer screening in China is relatively low.
Screening awareness needs to be improved urgently
.
Figure 4 High-risk groups (Information source: Compiled from public information | Drawing: Bioexploration editorial team) Experts in relevant fields in China have been making every effort to improve and improve the mechanism of tumor screening, popularize and promote more, and improve people's awareness of screening
.
During the Two Sessions in 2022, several members suggested to establish an interconnection mechanism between the local cancer screening information platform and the national cancer screening platform, so as to strengthen the service capacity of early diagnosis and early treatment of cancer at the grassroots level
.
But the most important thing is still cancer screening technology.
The existing technology has shortcomings.
We look forward to discovering more reliable and perfect technology in the future to promote the development of early cancer screening and effectively maintain human health
.
Source of the title map: CNN International Edition, only for academic exchanges
.
Written | Qingyao Typesetting | Luna End Reference: [1]http:// JP, Kurzrock, R.
, Lewis, JM et al.
Early-stage multi-cancer detection using an extracellular vesicle protein-based blood test.
Commun Med 2, 29 (2022).
https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s43856-022-00088-6.
[3]https://medicalxpress.
com/news /2022-03-screening-tool-ids-stage-pancreatic.
html
