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It is only for medical professionals to read about the relationship between changes in the intestinal microbiome caused by diet and the incidence of gastrointestinal tumors.
This year’s American Digestive Disease Week (DDW) was held online on May 21-23.
The conference brought together outstanding physicians, researchers and scholars in the field of digestion from world-renowned places.
The world’s top experts will discuss gastroenterology and hepatology.
The latest developments in the fields of, endoscopy and gastrointestinal surgery are discussed in depth.
"Digestive Liver Disease Channel of the Medical Circle" specially invited Dr.
Zhao Qianwen from the Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University to bring us wonderful conference reports.
The correlation between diet and tumors has always attracted much attention, and the intestinal flora has been a research hotspot in recent years.
This DDW’s theme lecture "Role of Diet-induced Alterations in Gut Microbiome in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of GI Cancers" "Clinical and basic research in this area has been compiled to help everyone better understand the relationship between diet, intestinal flora and the incidence of gastrointestinal tumors.
01 Short-chain fatty acids and colon cancer Professor Chun-Han Lo from Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, USA, first mentioned that changes in diet and intestinal microecology can participate in the regulation of tumorigenesis.
Diet is the main determinant of the composition of intestinal microbes, and some bacteria in the intestine are of great significance for processing and synthesizing nutrients.
Among them, the intestinal flora can regulate the occurrence of tumors by regulating the balance of host cell proliferation and death, host immune response, and changing the metabolic response of the host and the micro-ecosystem.
Professor Chun-Han Lo introduced a clinical study on diet/short-chain fatty acids and the risk of colon cancer.
First, the team created a short-chain fatty acid/intestinal flora/diet scoring system based on the previous large-scale intestinal flora data and literature reports on short-chain fatty acid-related flora.
The study subsequently included 50,637 men and 208,563 women as the subjects of the study.
A total of 6,102,171 person-year follow-ups were conducted.
Finally, 3,747 follow-ups were monitored for colon cancer.
The analysis results suggest that the number of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria is inversely proportional to the risk of colon cancer, suggesting that short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria may play a role in the regulation of diet and colon cancer.
02Ketogenic diet and gastric cancer Professor Shayan Khalafi from the University of Miami introduced a team animal study on the risk of ketogenic diet and gastric cancer.
TFF1 (Trefoil Factor 1) gene is a gastric cancer suppressor, which has the function of protecting the integrity of mucosa and repairing gastric tissue damage.
After the TFF1 gene is down-regulated or knocked out, the risk of gastric cancer in mice is significantly increased.
Professor Shayan Khalafi’s research found that ketogenic diet intervention can significantly reduce the incidence of gastric adenocarcinoma and severe dysplasia in TFF1 knockout mice.
In addition, in wild-type mice, the degree of gastritis in the ketogenic diet group was less severe.
Further mechanism studies have found that the ketogenic diet can inhibit the degree of gastric intraepithelial neoplasia and the nuclear translocation of STAT3 and the expression of downstream inflammatory factors (VEGF-A, IL-1α, c-MYC, TNFα).
03 Soluble fiber and colorectal tumors Professor Yang Jia from the Chinese University of Hong Kong then introduced an animal experiment on soluble fiber that can promote colon tumors by regulating the intestinal flora.
The study found that the incidence of colorectal tumors was significantly increased when mice were given soluble fiber inulin and guar gum diet.
After antibiotic intervention was added to knock out the intestinal flora, mice were given soluble fiber inulin and guar gum diet for colon tumors.
The incidence rate was significantly lower than that of the unknocked intestinal bacteria group.
Insoluble fiber cellulose will not cause the above changes.
The researchers made the same model of sterile mice, and performed fecal bacteria transplantation (HFiD-FMT) on sterile mice using the high-fiber diet mice in the previous stage.
The results showed that the incidence of colon cancer in the HFiD-FMT group increased.
This suggests that the intestinal flora is involved in colorectal tumors induced by a high-fiber diet.
Sequencing results of intestinal flora indicated that the alpha diversity index of intestinal flora of mice in the high-fiber group decreased, the number of pathogenic bacteria increased while the number of probiotics decreased; in vitro experiment results suggested that soluble fiber can cause a decrease in the number of probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium pseudolongum , Thereby promoting the occurrence of colorectal tumors.
In this series of topics, the researchers introduced the role of changes in the intestinal microbiome caused by diet in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tumors from different perspectives, and let us understand the way the intestinal flora plays a role in gastrointestinal tumors.
With a deeper and intuitive understanding, it provides new ideas for future research in related fields.
Expert profile Xiao Xue Xiao Xue is a lecturer in the Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, a doctor of medicine, and a member of the Specialty Construction and Medical Humanities Cooperation Group of the Chinese Medical Association Gastroenterology Branch.
In 2014, he won the Young Investigator Award from the Japanese Gastroenterology Association and published several SCI articles, whose main research areas are intestinal flora and mucosal damage.
Currently engaged in clinical, teaching, and scientific research on digestive system diseases.
This year’s American Digestive Disease Week (DDW) was held online on May 21-23.
The conference brought together outstanding physicians, researchers and scholars in the field of digestion from world-renowned places.
The world’s top experts will discuss gastroenterology and hepatology.
The latest developments in the fields of, endoscopy and gastrointestinal surgery are discussed in depth.
"Digestive Liver Disease Channel of the Medical Circle" specially invited Dr.
Zhao Qianwen from the Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University to bring us wonderful conference reports.
The correlation between diet and tumors has always attracted much attention, and the intestinal flora has been a research hotspot in recent years.
This DDW’s theme lecture "Role of Diet-induced Alterations in Gut Microbiome in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of GI Cancers" "Clinical and basic research in this area has been compiled to help everyone better understand the relationship between diet, intestinal flora and the incidence of gastrointestinal tumors.
01 Short-chain fatty acids and colon cancer Professor Chun-Han Lo from Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, USA, first mentioned that changes in diet and intestinal microecology can participate in the regulation of tumorigenesis.
Diet is the main determinant of the composition of intestinal microbes, and some bacteria in the intestine are of great significance for processing and synthesizing nutrients.
Among them, the intestinal flora can regulate the occurrence of tumors by regulating the balance of host cell proliferation and death, host immune response, and changing the metabolic response of the host and the micro-ecosystem.
Professor Chun-Han Lo introduced a clinical study on diet/short-chain fatty acids and the risk of colon cancer.
First, the team created a short-chain fatty acid/intestinal flora/diet scoring system based on the previous large-scale intestinal flora data and literature reports on short-chain fatty acid-related flora.
The study subsequently included 50,637 men and 208,563 women as the subjects of the study.
A total of 6,102,171 person-year follow-ups were conducted.
Finally, 3,747 follow-ups were monitored for colon cancer.
The analysis results suggest that the number of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria is inversely proportional to the risk of colon cancer, suggesting that short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria may play a role in the regulation of diet and colon cancer.
02Ketogenic diet and gastric cancer Professor Shayan Khalafi from the University of Miami introduced a team animal study on the risk of ketogenic diet and gastric cancer.
TFF1 (Trefoil Factor 1) gene is a gastric cancer suppressor, which has the function of protecting the integrity of mucosa and repairing gastric tissue damage.
After the TFF1 gene is down-regulated or knocked out, the risk of gastric cancer in mice is significantly increased.
Professor Shayan Khalafi’s research found that ketogenic diet intervention can significantly reduce the incidence of gastric adenocarcinoma and severe dysplasia in TFF1 knockout mice.
In addition, in wild-type mice, the degree of gastritis in the ketogenic diet group was less severe.
Further mechanism studies have found that the ketogenic diet can inhibit the degree of gastric intraepithelial neoplasia and the nuclear translocation of STAT3 and the expression of downstream inflammatory factors (VEGF-A, IL-1α, c-MYC, TNFα).
03 Soluble fiber and colorectal tumors Professor Yang Jia from the Chinese University of Hong Kong then introduced an animal experiment on soluble fiber that can promote colon tumors by regulating the intestinal flora.
The study found that the incidence of colorectal tumors was significantly increased when mice were given soluble fiber inulin and guar gum diet.
After antibiotic intervention was added to knock out the intestinal flora, mice were given soluble fiber inulin and guar gum diet for colon tumors.
The incidence rate was significantly lower than that of the unknocked intestinal bacteria group.
Insoluble fiber cellulose will not cause the above changes.
The researchers made the same model of sterile mice, and performed fecal bacteria transplantation (HFiD-FMT) on sterile mice using the high-fiber diet mice in the previous stage.
The results showed that the incidence of colon cancer in the HFiD-FMT group increased.
This suggests that the intestinal flora is involved in colorectal tumors induced by a high-fiber diet.
Sequencing results of intestinal flora indicated that the alpha diversity index of intestinal flora of mice in the high-fiber group decreased, the number of pathogenic bacteria increased while the number of probiotics decreased; in vitro experiment results suggested that soluble fiber can cause a decrease in the number of probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium pseudolongum , Thereby promoting the occurrence of colorectal tumors.
In this series of topics, the researchers introduced the role of changes in the intestinal microbiome caused by diet in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tumors from different perspectives, and let us understand the way the intestinal flora plays a role in gastrointestinal tumors.
With a deeper and intuitive understanding, it provides new ideas for future research in related fields.
Expert profile Xiao Xue Xiao Xue is a lecturer in the Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, a doctor of medicine, and a member of the Specialty Construction and Medical Humanities Cooperation Group of the Chinese Medical Association Gastroenterology Branch.
In 2014, he won the Young Investigator Award from the Japanese Gastroenterology Association and published several SCI articles, whose main research areas are intestinal flora and mucosal damage.
Currently engaged in clinical, teaching, and scientific research on digestive system diseases.
