Tumor "God Journal" published: "Weight loss" helps reduce the risk of 13 types of cancer!

INTRODUCTION: RECENTLY, THE "CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS", A "MEDICAL GOD JOURNAL" WITH AN IMPACT FACTOR OF 286.
13 POINTS, PUBLISHED A BLOCKBUSTER CONTENT: AFTER 17 YEARS OF FOLLOW-UP, IT WAS FOUND THAT "WEIGHT LOSS AND MAINTENANCE" HELPED SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE THE RISK
OF 13 CANCERS.

These 13 cancers are strongly associated with obesity

➤There are as many as 13 types of obesity-related cancers, namely esophageal adenocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, postmenopausal breast cancer, cardia cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, liver cancer, gallbladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, body uterine cancer, thyroid cancer, and multiple myeloma
.

In the United States, these 13 cancers account for 40 percent of all cancer diagnoses each year, and cancer risk increases
with obesity.

➤ Patients who underwent bariatric surgery had a 32% lower incidence of obesity-related cancers and a 48%
lower risk of cancer death compared to non-surgical controls.

Obesity is an important risk factor for cancer!

The researchers point out that obesity is widely believed to be a risk factor for cancer, but few previous studies have explored the relationship
between the two.
Recently, researchers from the Cleveland Clinic Health System (CCHS) confirmed that weight loss (surgery) and subsequent weight maintenance can significantly reduce the risk of certain cancers and death, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association
.

This was a retrospective observational paired cohort study with a primary pooled endpoint of time to first onset of one of 13 obesity-related cancers (esophageal adenocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, postmenopausal breast cancer, cardia cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, liver cancer, gallbladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, body uterine cancer, thyroid cancer, and multiple myeloma), with a secondary endpoint of cancer-related mortality
.

The study included 5,053 adult obese patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery or sleeve gastrectomy at Cleveland Clinic Hospital between 2004 and 2017, and each patient who underwent surgery was paired
with 5 obese patients who did not undergo bariatric surgery.
The median age of the patients was 46 years old, and the BMI ranged from 35~80kg/m^2, with 77% female and 73% white
.
The researchers followed
both groups for up to 17 years.

Weight loss may reduce cancer risk by 32%!

The results were impressive: compared with the non-surgical control group, the bariatric surgery group had a 32% lower incidence of 13 obesity-related cancers (esophageal adenocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, postmenopausal breast cancer, cardia cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, liver cancer, gallbladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, body cancer, thyroid cancer, and multiple myeloma) and a 48%
lower risk of cancer death.
Other data is as follows:

At 10 years of follow-up, the bariatric surgery group lost 19.
2 percent of their body weight compared to the control group, which equates to a weight loss of 54.
7 pounds
.

➤ During the 17-year follow-up period (through 2021), 96 patients in the bariatric surgery group and 780 patients in the non-surgical control group developed obesity-related cancers, with significantly lower 10-year cumulative incidence in the surgical group as the primary endpoint (2.
9% vs.
4.
9%)
.

➤ 21 patients (0.
41%) in the bariatric surgery group and 205 patients (0.
81%) in the control group died of cancer-related causes, and the mortality rate in the surgery group was significantly lower (0.
6 per 1000 person-years vs.
1.
2 per 1000 person-years).

"The more weight you lose, the lower your risk of cancer"

In an official statement, the researchers said: "We observed that the more weight we lost, the lower
the risk of cancer.
The findings also suggest that surgical weight loss can reduce the risk of developing precancerous conditions such as endometrial hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast, colon polyps, and Barre's esophagus
.
”

The biological mechanisms by which obesity is associated with cancer are not fully understood, and obesity is generally thought to affect the development and progression
of cancer by increasing inflammation, altering the microbiota, causing insulin resistance, and increasing circulating insulin-like growth factor, estrogen, and adipokine levels.

The results of the study have sparked heated discussions, and weight control should start today

Dr.
Maggie McCullough, senior scientific director of epidemiological research at the American Cancer Society (ACS) in Kennesaw, Georgia, noted: "A growing body of literature, including this study, suggests that morbidly obese people may reduce their risk of cancer, particularly obesity-related cancers
, through weight loss.
In addition, while non-surgical weight loss regimens have a lower rate of weight loss, other observational studies suggest that moderate weight loss may also reduce the risk of certain obesity-related cancers, and weight control should start today
.
”

Some scholars have pointed out that there are still many unanswered questions, such as whether this association is causal and what is the mechanism? Which patients should be prioritized for bariatric surgery? How much weight loss does it take to get benefits? These questions point out the direction
for future scientific research and exploration.

Reference: Fillon M.
Sustained weight loss may reduce cancer risk.
CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS.
2022 Nov,72(6): 505-506.
DOI: 10.
3322/caac.
21761, PMID:36334037