Why develop biomass energy?

At the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, it was proposed to "accelerate the development of wind, solar, biomass, water and geothermal energy, and develop nuclear power safely and efficiently" Among them, biomass energy is a green energy produced from organic wastes such as agriculture and forestry and energy plants planted on marginal land Biomass energy is rich in resources, renewable, clean and environmental protection, low-carbon emissions, storage and transportation facilities, and closely related to the "three agriculture" In China, it is of great significance to develop biomass energy 1、 Biomass energy has excellent environmental and economic benefits Burning straw in the open has become one of the main seasonal sources of haze The excessive discharge of livestock and poultry manure has become an important source of water and air pollution A large number of forest cutting, timber production and processing residues have accumulated, which has become a hidden danger of forest fire and pests?? The biomass industry can transform these organic "wastes" and "pollution sources" into harmless and resourceful processes to transform high-end green energy and materials into a new world for modern agriculture and farmers' income Today, environmental protection focuses on reducing emissions and eliminating haze Compared with coal-fired power generation, biomass power generation has obvious advantages Biomass solid fuel is low in ash and sulfur, and the emission of nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and soot particles is far lower than that of coal-fired power generation According to statistics, by the end of 2013, 28 provinces and autonomous regions in China had developed biomass power generation projects, with a total approved capacity of 12000 megawatts and an on grid power of 35.6 billion kwh Biomass power generation is concentrated in the eastern part of China, where agriculture and economy are developed Four provinces of Jiangsu, Shandong, Guangdong and Zhejiang account for 48% of the total electricity on the grid The difficulty of reducing haze is that there are more than 500000 small and medium-sized coal-fired boilers under 20 tons in China They are hard to clean and burn, highly dispersed in cities and towns, small in size and large in volume They consume 270 million tons of standard coal annually, and emit 600000 tons of smoke and dust, 2.26 million tons of sulfur dioxide, and 1 million tons of nitrogen oxide one stone in spring Of course, "coal to gas" is good, but the "gas" source is extremely short and the cost is high If these boilers are transformed to use biomass briquette fuel, there will be another picture The smoke, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emitted from heating of biomass briquette are basically the same as the emission standards of natural gas Although the heating price is slightly higher than that of current coal, it is only 60% of natural gas and 70% of heavy oil At the same time, the use of shaped fuel heating can also consume 10 million tons of crop straw, create many jobs and increase farmers' income High water content organic pollution sources such as livestock manure, organic waste water and residue from processing industry are the key points of environmental protection The best way is to turn biogas into energy Biogas can produce biogas containing about 60% methane under anaerobic condition, which can also be purified to biogas (bng) with 80% or 95% methane content and the same quality as common natural gas Biogas can be incorporated into the general natural gas pipeline network, and can also generate compressed vehicle fuel According to relevant data, each cubic meter of bio natural gas can drive 15% more mileage than 1 liter of gasoline, and the selling price is only 85% - 90% of gasoline; the harmful gas emission in exhaust is only 10% - 50% of gasoline In 2012, there were more than 13800 biogas plants in Europe, producing about 14 billion cubic meters of biogas During the 10 years from 1999 to 2009, the number of biogas plants in Germany increased from 850 to 4780, and the installed capacity increased from 49 MW to 1600 MW, surpassing that of hydropower China has always attached great importance to the development of rural household biogas In recent years, it has started to promote the industrialization of biogas In March 2011, it completed the first domestic production of biogas with a daily output of more than 10000 cubic meters with high concentration organic wastewater of starch plant in Guangxi Beijing Deqingyuan and Shandong Minhe and two large farms produce 20000 and 30000 cubic meters of biogas a day respectively Henan Tianguan alcohol plant produces 300000 cubic meters of biogas per day, which is mainly used for rural heating In 2015, the Ministry of environmental protection and the State Energy Administration jointly carried out the construction of Inner Mongolia biological natural gas demonstration area China's bio natural gas ushered in the spring of development According to the data of China Academy of Engineering in 2014, in 2009, the total amount of excrement emission of large-scale livestock and poultry breeding in China was about 837 million tons, with 47 billion cubic meters of biogas production potential If straw and other organic wastes are added in the proportion of 1:2, it will have an annual production potential of more than 100 billion cubic meters of biological natural gas, equivalent to three times of the natural gas imported from Russia since 2018 In addition, the production and consumption process of various biomass energy varieties are low-carbon, and the production process of biogas and biogas is even more negative carbon, which can make the plant nutrients return to the soil to the maximum extent, while turning waste into treasure, it can also solve the problem of energy use and income increase of farmers 2、 With the development of technology, biomass energy can only produce electricity and heat products, such as water energy, wind energy, solar energy and even nuclear energy Biomass not only produces electricity and heat, but also solid, gas and liquid green energy, green materials and organic chemical products All petrochemical based products can be replaced by bio based materials Liquid clean fuel is still the dominant alternative to fossil energy During the global oil crisis in the 1970s, the United States, Europe and Brazil first developed fuel ethanol with corn, sugarcane and other raw materials in the search for alternative energy, and now the global annual output is 80 million tons However, with the expansion of production scale and the deepening of the contradiction between food supply, it was questioned in the global food crisis in 2008 Subsequently, the United States, Europe and other countries began to study the production of cellulosic ethanol from biomass cellulose by enzymatic method, but the production cost has not met the commercial requirements so far In recent years, important progress has been made in thermochemical synthesis of high-quality bio fuel, aviation kerosene, lubricating oil and other hydrocarbon products and natural gas from lignocellulose This method has greatly expanded the source of raw materials for bioenergy, reduced the cost of raw materials, and avoided the restriction of raw materials for fuel ethanol and the limitation of small blending ratio (10%) It is a milestone revolution in the history of biomass science and technology What's exciting is that China's existing enterprises are at the forefront of the world in this technological innovation Wuhan sunshine Kaidi New Energy Group Co., Ltd., a high-end biofuel demonstration production line with lignocellulose as raw material, has been in operation for three years Two other production plants with an annual output of 300000 tons are under construction, and their technical level ranks the top in the world In addition, Inner Mongolia Jinjiao group has successfully transformed important platform compound intermediates such as levulinic acid from lignocellulose, which can derive high-end bio liquid fuels such as biodiesel, gasoline, aviation kerosene, and produce a variety of bio based fine chemical products In 2009 and 2012, two production plants with annual capacity of 100000 tons and 80000 tons were built This project has low investment, simple processing procedure and green production process, which is an original achievement of our country With the breakthrough of the above two technologies, non grain lignocellulose can replace starch and oil as raw materials to produce high-end bio liquid fuel, so that a large area of marginal land without economic output in China can become a biomass oil and gas field According to the land survey data of the Ministry of land and resources at the county level in 2014, China has 165.53 million hectares of marginal land suitable for forest and grass In other words, this is an inexhaustible green oil and gas field with a larger area than the total cultivated land in China The environmental protection significance of these two technological breakthroughs lies in that the thermochemical synthesis of biofuels has outstanding emission reduction and haze control functions American scholars began the research of diesel oxygenation additives in the 1980s It has been proved that adding 15% - 20% levulinate to ordinary diesel can reduce the exhaust smoke particles by 50% - 60% However, due to the fact that levulinate is mainly produced by the conversion of glucose or petroleum based products, its quantity is small and its price is high, so far it has not been widely used At present, China has achieved a breakthrough in this technology, and has been able to achieve a large quantity and low price and mix with ordinary diesel in any proportion This achievement has a good effect on improving exhaust pollution in the trial use of Beijing diesel vehicles, and should be widely used According to the 2012 report of the international energy organization, biomass energy is the fourth largest energy in the world, accounting for 78% of the world's renewable energy consumption It is proposed that in order to achieve the goal of controlling the atmospheric temperature rise by 2 ℃ in 2020, the output of biofuels needs to be increased by more than one time, of which advanced biofuels are required to reach six times of the current output In the context of promoting green development in China, the development and utilization of biomass energy can be said to be promising! (BIOON Com)